moto/tests/test_ec2/test_instances.py

from __future__ import unicode_literals

# Ensure 'assert_raises' context manager support for Python 2.6
from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

import tests.backport_assert_raises
from nose.tools import assert_raises

import base64
import datetime
import ipaddress

import six
import boto
import boto3
from boto.ec2.instance import Reservation, InstanceAttribute
from boto.exception import EC2ResponseError, EC2ResponseError
from freezegun import freeze_time
import sure  # noqa

from moto import mock_ec2_deprecated, mock_ec2
from tests.helpers import requires_boto_gte


################ Test Readme ###############
def add_servers(ami_id, count):
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    for index in range(count):
        conn.run_instances(ami_id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_add_servers():
    add_servers("ami-1234abcd", 2)

    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservations = conn.get_all_instances()
    assert len(reservations) == 2
    instance1 = reservations[0].instances[0]
    assert instance1.image_id == "ami-1234abcd"


############################################


@freeze_time("2014-01-01 05:00:00")
@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_launch_and_terminate():
    conn = boto.ec2.connect_to_region("us-east-1")

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the RunInstance operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    reservation.should.be.a(Reservation)
    reservation.instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance = reservation.instances[0]
    instance.state.should.equal("pending")

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances()
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].id.should.equal(reservation.id)
    instances = reservations[0].instances
    instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance = instances[0]
    instance.id.should.equal(instance.id)
    instance.state.should.equal("running")
    instance.launch_time.should.equal("2014-01-01T05:00:00.000Z")
    instance.vpc_id.should.equal(None)
    instance.placement.should.equal("us-east-1a")

    root_device_name = instance.root_device_name
    instance.block_device_mapping[root_device_name].status.should.equal("in-use")
    volume_id = instance.block_device_mapping[root_device_name].volume_id
    volume_id.should.match(r"vol-\w+")

    volume = conn.get_all_volumes(volume_ids=[volume_id])[0]
    volume.attach_data.instance_id.should.equal(instance.id)
    volume.status.should.equal("in-use")

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.terminate_instances([instance.id], dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the TerminateInstance operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    conn.terminate_instances([instance.id])

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances()
    instance = reservations[0].instances[0]
    instance.state.should.equal("terminated")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_terminate_empty_instances():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    conn.terminate_instances.when.called_with([]).should.throw(EC2ResponseError)


@freeze_time("2014-01-01 05:00:00")
@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_attach_volume():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    vol1 = conn.create_volume(size=36, zone=conn.region.name)
    vol1.attach(instance.id, "/dev/sda1")
    vol1.update()
    vol2 = conn.create_volume(size=65, zone=conn.region.name)
    vol2.attach(instance.id, "/dev/sdb1")
    vol2.update()
    vol3 = conn.create_volume(size=130, zone=conn.region.name)
    vol3.attach(instance.id, "/dev/sdc1")
    vol3.update()

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances()
    instance = reservations[0].instances[0]

    instance.block_device_mapping.should.have.length_of(3)

    for v in conn.get_all_volumes(
        volume_ids=[instance.block_device_mapping["/dev/sdc1"].volume_id]
    ):
        v.attach_data.instance_id.should.equal(instance.id)
        # can do due to freeze_time decorator.
        v.attach_data.attach_time.should.equal(instance.launch_time)
        # can do due to freeze_time decorator.
        v.create_time.should.equal(instance.launch_time)
        v.region.name.should.equal(instance.region.name)
        v.status.should.equal("in-use")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_by_id():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=2)
    instance1, instance2 = reservation.instances

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(instance_ids=[instance1.id])
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservation = reservations[0]
    reservation.instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservation.instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(instance_ids=[instance1.id, instance2.id])
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservation = reservations[0]
    reservation.instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    instance_ids = [instance.id for instance in reservation.instances]
    instance_ids.should.equal([instance1.id, instance2.id])

    # Call get_all_instances with a bad id should raise an error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.get_all_instances(instance_ids=[instance1.id, "i-1234abcd"])
    cm.exception.code.should.equal("InvalidInstanceID.NotFound")
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none


@mock_ec2
def test_get_paginated_instances():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    conn = boto3.resource("ec2", "us-east-1")
    for i in range(100):
        conn.create_instances(ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1)
    resp = client.describe_instances(MaxResults=50)
    reservations = resp["Reservations"]
    reservations.should.have.length_of(50)
    next_token = resp["NextToken"]
    next_token.should_not.be.none
    resp2 = client.describe_instances(NextToken=next_token)
    reservations.extend(resp2["Reservations"])
    reservations.should.have.length_of(100)
    assert "NextToken" not in resp2.keys()


@mock_ec2
def test_create_with_tags():
    ec2 = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-west-2")
    instances = ec2.run_instances(
        ImageId="ami-123",
        MinCount=1,
        MaxCount=1,
        InstanceType="t2.micro",
        TagSpecifications=[
            {
                "ResourceType": "instance",
                "Tags": [
                    {"Key": "MY_TAG1", "Value": "MY_VALUE1"},
                    {"Key": "MY_TAG2", "Value": "MY_VALUE2"},
                ],
            },
            {
                "ResourceType": "instance",
                "Tags": [{"Key": "MY_TAG3", "Value": "MY_VALUE3"}],
            },
        ],
    )
    assert "Tags" in instances["Instances"][0]
    len(instances["Instances"][0]["Tags"]).should.equal(3)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_state():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances

    conn.terminate_instances([instance1.id])

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-state-name": "running"})
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    # Since we terminated instance1, only instance2 and instance3 should be
    # returned
    instance_ids = [instance.id for instance in reservations[0].instances]
    set(instance_ids).should.equal(set([instance2.id, instance3.id]))

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        [instance2.id], filters={"instance-state-name": "running"}
    )
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance_ids = [instance.id for instance in reservations[0].instances]
    instance_ids.should.equal([instance2.id])

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        [instance2.id], filters={"instance-state-name": "terminated"}
    )
    list(reservations).should.equal([])

    # get_all_instances should still return all 3
    reservations = conn.get_all_instances()
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(3)

    conn.get_all_instances.when.called_with(
        filters={"not-implemented-filter": "foobar"}
    ).should.throw(NotImplementedError)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_instance_id():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-id": instance1.id})
    # get_all_instances should return just instance1
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"instance-id": [instance1.id, instance2.id]}
    )
    # get_all_instances should return two
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-id": "non-existing-id"})
    reservations.should.have.length_of(0)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_instance_type():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation1 = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", instance_type="m1.small")
    instance1 = reservation1.instances[0]
    reservation2 = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", instance_type="m1.small")
    instance2 = reservation2.instances[0]
    reservation3 = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", instance_type="t1.micro")
    instance3 = reservation3.instances[0]

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-type": "m1.small"})
    # get_all_instances should return instance1,2
    reservations.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[1].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance_ids = [reservations[0].instances[0].id, reservations[1].instances[0].id]
    set(instance_ids).should.equal(set([instance1.id, instance2.id]))

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-type": "t1.micro"})
    # get_all_instances should return one
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance3.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"instance-type": ["t1.micro", "m1.small"]}
    )
    reservations.should.have.length_of(3)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[1].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[2].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance_ids = [
        reservations[0].instances[0].id,
        reservations[1].instances[0].id,
        reservations[2].instances[0].id,
    ]
    set(instance_ids).should.equal(set([instance1.id, instance2.id, instance3.id]))

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"instance-type": "bogus"})
    # bogus instance-type should return none
    reservations.should.have.length_of(0)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_reason_code():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances
    instance1.stop()
    instance2.terminate()

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"state-reason-code": "Client.UserInitiatedShutdown"}
    )
    # get_all_instances should return instance1 and instance2
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([instance1.id, instance2.id]).should.equal(
        set([i.id for i in reservations[0].instances])
    )

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"state-reason-code": ""})
    # get_all_instances should return instance 3
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance3.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_source_dest_check():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=2)
    instance1, instance2 = reservation.instances
    conn.modify_instance_attribute(
        instance1.id, attribute="sourceDestCheck", value=False
    )

    source_dest_check_false = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"source-dest-check": "false"}
    )
    source_dest_check_true = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"source-dest-check": "true"}
    )

    source_dest_check_false[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    source_dest_check_false[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)

    source_dest_check_true[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    source_dest_check_true[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance2.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_vpc_id():
    conn = boto.connect_vpc("the_key", "the_secret")
    vpc1 = conn.create_vpc("10.0.0.0/16")
    subnet1 = conn.create_subnet(vpc1.id, "10.0.0.0/27")
    reservation1 = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=1, subnet_id=subnet1.id)
    instance1 = reservation1.instances[0]

    vpc2 = conn.create_vpc("10.1.0.0/16")
    subnet2 = conn.create_subnet(vpc2.id, "10.1.0.0/27")
    reservation2 = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=1, subnet_id=subnet2.id)
    instance2 = reservation2.instances[0]

    reservations1 = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"vpc-id": vpc1.id})
    reservations1.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations1[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations1[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations1[0].instances[0].vpc_id.should.equal(vpc1.id)
    reservations1[0].instances[0].subnet_id.should.equal(subnet1.id)

    reservations2 = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"vpc-id": vpc2.id})
    reservations2.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations2[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations2[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance2.id)
    reservations2[0].instances[0].vpc_id.should.equal(vpc2.id)
    reservations2[0].instances[0].subnet_id.should.equal(subnet2.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_architecture():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=1)
    instance = reservation.instances

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"architecture": "x86_64"})
    # get_all_instances should return the instance
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_image_id():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    conn = boto3.resource("ec2", "us-east-1")
    conn.create_instances(ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1)

    reservations = client.describe_instances(
        Filters=[{"Name": "image-id", "Values": [image_id]}]
    )["Reservations"]
    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_private_dns():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    conn = boto3.resource("ec2", "us-east-1")
    conn.create_instances(
        ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1, PrivateIpAddress="10.0.0.1"
    )
    reservations = client.describe_instances(
        Filters=[{"Name": "private-dns-name", "Values": ["ip-10-0-0-1.ec2.internal"]}]
    )["Reservations"]
    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_ni_private_dns():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-west-2")
    conn = boto3.resource("ec2", "us-west-2")
    conn.create_instances(
        ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1, PrivateIpAddress="10.0.0.1"
    )
    reservations = client.describe_instances(
        Filters=[
            {
                "Name": "network-interface.private-dns-name",
                "Values": ["ip-10-0-0-1.us-west-2.compute.internal"],
            }
        ]
    )["Reservations"]
    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_instance_group_name():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    client.create_security_group(Description="test", GroupName="test_sg")
    client.run_instances(
        ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1, SecurityGroups=["test_sg"]
    )
    reservations = client.describe_instances(
        Filters=[{"Name": "instance.group-name", "Values": ["test_sg"]}]
    )["Reservations"]
    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_instance_group_id():
    image_id = "ami-1234abcd"
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    create_sg = client.create_security_group(Description="test", GroupName="test_sg")
    group_id = create_sg["GroupId"]
    client.run_instances(
        ImageId=image_id, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1, SecurityGroups=["test_sg"]
    )
    reservations = client.describe_instances(
        Filters=[{"Name": "instance.group-id", "Values": [group_id]}]
    )["Reservations"]
    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(1)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_tag():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances
    instance1.add_tag("tag1", "value1")
    instance1.add_tag("tag2", "value2")
    instance2.add_tag("tag1", "value1")
    instance2.add_tag("tag2", "wrong value")
    instance3.add_tag("tag2", "value2")

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag:tag0": "value0"})
    # get_all_instances should return no instances
    reservations.should.have.length_of(0)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag:tag1": "value1"})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with this tag value
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance2.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"tag:tag1": "value1", "tag:tag2": "value2"}
    )
    # get_all_instances should return the instance with both tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(
        filters={"tag:tag1": "value1", "tag:tag2": "value2"}
    )
    # get_all_instances should return the instance with both tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag:tag2": ["value2", "bogus"]})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with one of the
    # acceptable tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance3.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_tag_value():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances
    instance1.add_tag("tag1", "value1")
    instance1.add_tag("tag2", "value2")
    instance2.add_tag("tag1", "value1")
    instance2.add_tag("tag2", "wrong value")
    instance3.add_tag("tag2", "value2")

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-value": "value0"})
    # get_all_instances should return no instances
    reservations.should.have.length_of(0)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-value": "value1"})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with this tag value
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance2.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-value": ["value2", "value1"]})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with one of the
    # acceptable tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(3)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance2.id)
    reservations[0].instances[2].id.should.equal(instance3.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-value": ["value2", "bogus"]})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with one of the
    # acceptable tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance3.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instances_filtering_by_tag_name():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2()
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances
    instance1.add_tag("tag1")
    instance1.add_tag("tag2")
    instance2.add_tag("tag1")
    instance2.add_tag("tag2X")
    instance3.add_tag("tag3")

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-key": "tagX"})
    # get_all_instances should return no instances
    reservations.should.have.length_of(0)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-key": "tag1"})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with this tag value
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(2)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance2.id)

    reservations = conn.get_all_instances(filters={"tag-key": ["tag1", "tag3"]})
    # get_all_instances should return both instances with one of the
    # acceptable tag values
    reservations.should.have.length_of(1)
    reservations[0].instances.should.have.length_of(3)
    reservations[0].instances[0].id.should.equal(instance1.id)
    reservations[0].instances[1].id.should.equal(instance2.id)
    reservations[0].instances[2].id.should.equal(instance3.id)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_start_and_stop():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=2)
    instances = reservation.instances
    instances.should.have.length_of(2)

    instance_ids = [instance.id for instance in instances]

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        stopped_instances = conn.stop_instances(instance_ids, dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the StopInstance operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    stopped_instances = conn.stop_instances(instance_ids)

    for instance in stopped_instances:
        instance.state.should.equal("stopping")

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        started_instances = conn.start_instances([instances[0].id], dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the StartInstance operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    started_instances = conn.start_instances([instances[0].id])
    started_instances[0].state.should.equal("pending")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_reboot():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        instance.reboot(dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the RebootInstance operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    instance.reboot()
    instance.state.should.equal("pending")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_attribute_instance_type():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        instance.modify_attribute("instanceType", "m1.small", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the ModifyInstanceType operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    instance.modify_attribute("instanceType", "m1.small")

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("instanceType")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    instance_attribute.get("instanceType").should.equal("m1.small")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_modify_instance_attribute_security_groups():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    sg_id = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group", "this is a test security group"
    ).id
    sg_id2 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group 2", "this is a test security group 2"
    ).id

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        instance.modify_attribute("groupSet", [sg_id, sg_id2], dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the ModifyInstanceSecurityGroups operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    instance.modify_attribute("groupSet", [sg_id, sg_id2])

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("groupSet")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    group_list = instance_attribute.get("groupSet")
    any(g.id == sg_id for g in group_list).should.be.ok
    any(g.id == sg_id2 for g in group_list).should.be.ok


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_attribute_user_data():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        instance.modify_attribute("userData", "this is my user data", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the ModifyUserData operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    instance.modify_attribute("userData", "this is my user data")

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("userData")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    instance_attribute.get("userData").should.equal("this is my user data")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_attribute_source_dest_check():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    # Default value is true
    instance.sourceDestCheck.should.equal("true")

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("sourceDestCheck")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    instance_attribute.get("sourceDestCheck").should.equal(True)

    # Set to false (note: Boto converts bool to string, eg 'false')

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        instance.modify_attribute("sourceDestCheck", False, dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the ModifySourceDestCheck operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    instance.modify_attribute("sourceDestCheck", False)

    instance.update()
    instance.sourceDestCheck.should.equal("false")

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("sourceDestCheck")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    instance_attribute.get("sourceDestCheck").should.equal(False)

    # Set back to true
    instance.modify_attribute("sourceDestCheck", True)

    instance.update()
    instance.sourceDestCheck.should.equal("true")

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("sourceDestCheck")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    instance_attribute.get("sourceDestCheck").should.equal(True)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_user_data_with_run_instance():
    user_data = b"some user data"
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", user_data=user_data)
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance_attribute = instance.get_attribute("userData")
    instance_attribute.should.be.a(InstanceAttribute)
    retrieved_user_data = instance_attribute.get("userData").encode("utf-8")
    decoded_user_data = base64.decodestring(retrieved_user_data)
    decoded_user_data.should.equal(b"some user data")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_security_group_name():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        group = conn.create_security_group("group1", "some description", dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the CreateSecurityGroup operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    group = conn.create_security_group("group1", "some description")

    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", security_groups=["group1"])
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.groups[0].id.should.equal(group.id)
    instance.groups[0].name.should.equal("group1")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_security_group_id():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    group = conn.create_security_group("group1", "some description")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", security_group_ids=[group.id])
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.groups[0].id.should.equal(group.id)
    instance.groups[0].name.should.equal("group1")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_instance_type():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", instance_type="t1.micro")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.instance_type.should.equal("t1.micro")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_default_placement():
    conn = boto.ec2.connect_to_region("us-east-1")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.placement.should.equal("us-east-1a")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_placement():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", placement="us-east-1b")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.placement.should.equal("us-east-1b")


@mock_ec2
def test_run_instance_with_subnet_boto3():
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="eu-central-1")

    ip_networks = [
        (ipaddress.ip_network("10.0.0.0/16"), ipaddress.ip_network("10.0.99.0/24")),
        (
            ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/24"),
            ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/25"),
        ),
    ]

    # Tests instances are created with the correct IPs
    for vpc_cidr, subnet_cidr in ip_networks:
        resp = client.create_vpc(
            CidrBlock=str(vpc_cidr),
            AmazonProvidedIpv6CidrBlock=False,
            DryRun=False,
            InstanceTenancy="default",
        )
        vpc_id = resp["Vpc"]["VpcId"]

        resp = client.create_subnet(CidrBlock=str(subnet_cidr), VpcId=vpc_id)
        subnet_id = resp["Subnet"]["SubnetId"]

        resp = client.run_instances(
            ImageId="ami-1234abcd", MaxCount=1, MinCount=1, SubnetId=subnet_id
        )
        instance = resp["Instances"][0]
        instance["SubnetId"].should.equal(subnet_id)

        priv_ipv4 = ipaddress.ip_address(six.text_type(instance["PrivateIpAddress"]))
        subnet_cidr.should.contain(priv_ipv4)


@mock_ec2
def test_run_instance_with_specified_private_ipv4():
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="eu-central-1")

    vpc_cidr = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/24")
    subnet_cidr = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/25")

    resp = client.create_vpc(
        CidrBlock=str(vpc_cidr),
        AmazonProvidedIpv6CidrBlock=False,
        DryRun=False,
        InstanceTenancy="default",
    )
    vpc_id = resp["Vpc"]["VpcId"]

    resp = client.create_subnet(CidrBlock=str(subnet_cidr), VpcId=vpc_id)
    subnet_id = resp["Subnet"]["SubnetId"]

    resp = client.run_instances(
        ImageId="ami-1234abcd",
        MaxCount=1,
        MinCount=1,
        SubnetId=subnet_id,
        PrivateIpAddress="192.168.42.5",
    )
    instance = resp["Instances"][0]
    instance["SubnetId"].should.equal(subnet_id)
    instance["PrivateIpAddress"].should.equal("192.168.42.5")


@mock_ec2
def test_run_instance_mapped_public_ipv4():
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="eu-central-1")

    vpc_cidr = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/24")
    subnet_cidr = ipaddress.ip_network("192.168.42.0/25")

    resp = client.create_vpc(
        CidrBlock=str(vpc_cidr),
        AmazonProvidedIpv6CidrBlock=False,
        DryRun=False,
        InstanceTenancy="default",
    )
    vpc_id = resp["Vpc"]["VpcId"]

    resp = client.create_subnet(CidrBlock=str(subnet_cidr), VpcId=vpc_id)
    subnet_id = resp["Subnet"]["SubnetId"]
    client.modify_subnet_attribute(
        SubnetId=subnet_id, MapPublicIpOnLaunch={"Value": True}
    )

    resp = client.run_instances(
        ImageId="ami-1234abcd", MaxCount=1, MinCount=1, SubnetId=subnet_id
    )
    instance = resp["Instances"][0]
    instance.should.contain("PublicDnsName")
    instance.should.contain("PublicIpAddress")
    len(instance["PublicDnsName"]).should.be.greater_than(0)
    len(instance["PublicIpAddress"]).should.be.greater_than(0)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_nic_autocreated():
    conn = boto.connect_vpc("the_key", "the_secret")
    vpc = conn.create_vpc("10.0.0.0/16")
    subnet = conn.create_subnet(vpc.id, "10.0.0.0/18")
    security_group1 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #1", "this is a test security group"
    )
    security_group2 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #2", "this is a test security group"
    )
    private_ip = "10.0.0.1"

    reservation = conn.run_instances(
        "ami-1234abcd",
        subnet_id=subnet.id,
        security_groups=[security_group1.name],
        security_group_ids=[security_group2.id],
        private_ip_address=private_ip,
    )
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    all_enis = conn.get_all_network_interfaces()
    all_enis.should.have.length_of(1)
    eni = all_enis[0]

    instance.interfaces.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance.interfaces[0].id.should.equal(eni.id)

    instance.subnet_id.should.equal(subnet.id)
    instance.groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([group.id for group in instance.groups]).should.equal(
        set([security_group1.id, security_group2.id])
    )

    eni.subnet_id.should.equal(subnet.id)
    eni.groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([group.id for group in eni.groups]).should.equal(
        set([security_group1.id, security_group2.id])
    )
    eni.private_ip_addresses.should.have.length_of(1)
    eni.private_ip_addresses[0].private_ip_address.should.equal(private_ip)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_nic_preexisting():
    conn = boto.connect_vpc("the_key", "the_secret")
    vpc = conn.create_vpc("10.0.0.0/16")
    subnet = conn.create_subnet(vpc.id, "10.0.0.0/18")
    security_group1 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #1", "this is a test security group"
    )
    security_group2 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #2", "this is a test security group"
    )
    private_ip = "54.0.0.1"
    eni = conn.create_network_interface(
        subnet.id, private_ip, groups=[security_group1.id]
    )

    # Boto requires NetworkInterfaceCollection of NetworkInterfaceSpecifications...
    #   annoying, but generates the desired querystring.
    from boto.ec2.networkinterface import (
        NetworkInterfaceSpecification,
        NetworkInterfaceCollection,
    )

    interface = NetworkInterfaceSpecification(
        network_interface_id=eni.id, device_index=0
    )
    interfaces = NetworkInterfaceCollection(interface)
    # end Boto objects

    reservation = conn.run_instances(
        "ami-1234abcd",
        network_interfaces=interfaces,
        security_group_ids=[security_group2.id],
    )
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.subnet_id.should.equal(subnet.id)

    all_enis = conn.get_all_network_interfaces()
    all_enis.should.have.length_of(1)

    instance.interfaces.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance_eni = instance.interfaces[0]
    instance_eni.id.should.equal(eni.id)

    instance_eni.subnet_id.should.equal(subnet.id)
    instance_eni.groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([group.id for group in instance_eni.groups]).should.equal(
        set([security_group1.id, security_group2.id])
    )
    instance_eni.private_ip_addresses.should.have.length_of(1)
    instance_eni.private_ip_addresses[0].private_ip_address.should.equal(private_ip)


@requires_boto_gte("2.32.0")
@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_instance_with_nic_attach_detach():
    conn = boto.connect_vpc("the_key", "the_secret")
    vpc = conn.create_vpc("10.0.0.0/16")
    subnet = conn.create_subnet(vpc.id, "10.0.0.0/18")

    security_group1 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #1", "this is a test security group"
    )
    security_group2 = conn.create_security_group(
        "test security group #2", "this is a test security group"
    )

    reservation = conn.run_instances(
        "ami-1234abcd", security_group_ids=[security_group1.id]
    )
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    eni = conn.create_network_interface(subnet.id, groups=[security_group2.id])

    # Check initial instance and ENI data
    instance.interfaces.should.have.length_of(1)

    eni.groups.should.have.length_of(1)
    set([group.id for group in eni.groups]).should.equal(set([security_group2.id]))

    # Attach
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.attach_network_interface(eni.id, instance.id, device_index=1, dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the AttachNetworkInterface operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    conn.attach_network_interface(eni.id, instance.id, device_index=1)

    # Check attached instance and ENI data
    instance.update()
    instance.interfaces.should.have.length_of(2)
    instance_eni = instance.interfaces[1]
    instance_eni.id.should.equal(eni.id)
    instance_eni.groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([group.id for group in instance_eni.groups]).should.equal(
        set([security_group1.id, security_group2.id])
    )

    eni = conn.get_all_network_interfaces(filters={"network-interface-id": eni.id})[0]
    eni.groups.should.have.length_of(2)
    set([group.id for group in eni.groups]).should.equal(
        set([security_group1.id, security_group2.id])
    )

    # Detach
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.detach_network_interface(instance_eni.attachment.id, dry_run=True)
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the DetachNetworkInterface operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    conn.detach_network_interface(instance_eni.attachment.id)

    # Check detached instance and ENI data
    instance.update()
    instance.interfaces.should.have.length_of(1)

    eni = conn.get_all_network_interfaces(filters={"network-interface-id": eni.id})[0]
    eni.groups.should.have.length_of(1)
    set([group.id for group in eni.groups]).should.equal(set([security_group2.id]))

    # Detach with invalid attachment ID
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.detach_network_interface("eni-attach-1234abcd")
    cm.exception.code.should.equal("InvalidAttachmentID.NotFound")
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_ec2_classic_has_public_ip_address():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", key_name="keypair_name")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]
    instance.ip_address.should_not.equal(None)
    instance.public_dns_name.should.contain(instance.ip_address.replace(".", "-"))
    instance.private_ip_address.should_not.equal(None)
    instance.private_dns_name.should.contain(
        instance.private_ip_address.replace(".", "-")
    )


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_run_instance_with_keypair():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", key_name="keypair_name")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    instance.key_name.should.equal("keypair_name")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_describe_instance_status_no_instances():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    all_status = conn.get_all_instance_status()
    len(all_status).should.equal(0)


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_describe_instance_status_with_instances():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", key_name="keypair_name")

    all_status = conn.get_all_instance_status()
    len(all_status).should.equal(1)
    all_status[0].instance_status.status.should.equal("ok")
    all_status[0].system_status.status.should.equal("ok")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_describe_instance_status_with_instance_filter():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")

    # We want to filter based on this one
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", key_name="keypair_name")
    instance = reservation.instances[0]

    # This is just to setup the test
    conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", key_name="keypair_name")

    all_status = conn.get_all_instance_status(instance_ids=[instance.id])
    len(all_status).should.equal(1)
    all_status[0].id.should.equal(instance.id)

    # Call get_all_instance_status with a bad id should raise an error
    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as cm:
        conn.get_all_instance_status(instance_ids=[instance.id, "i-1234abcd"])
    cm.exception.code.should.equal("InvalidInstanceID.NotFound")
    cm.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    cm.exception.request_id.should_not.be.none


@requires_boto_gte("2.32.0")
@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_describe_instance_status_with_non_running_instances():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")
    reservation = conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd", min_count=3)
    instance1, instance2, instance3 = reservation.instances
    instance1.stop()
    instance2.terminate()

    all_running_status = conn.get_all_instance_status()
    all_running_status.should.have.length_of(1)
    all_running_status[0].id.should.equal(instance3.id)
    all_running_status[0].state_name.should.equal("running")

    all_status = conn.get_all_instance_status(include_all_instances=True)
    all_status.should.have.length_of(3)

    status1 = next((s for s in all_status if s.id == instance1.id), None)
    status1.state_name.should.equal("stopped")

    status2 = next((s for s in all_status if s.id == instance2.id), None)
    status2.state_name.should.equal("terminated")

    status3 = next((s for s in all_status if s.id == instance3.id), None)
    status3.state_name.should.equal("running")


@mock_ec2_deprecated
def test_get_instance_by_security_group():
    conn = boto.connect_ec2("the_key", "the_secret")

    conn.run_instances("ami-1234abcd")
    instance = conn.get_only_instances()[0]

    security_group = conn.create_security_group("test", "test")

    with assert_raises(EC2ResponseError) as ex:
        conn.modify_instance_attribute(
            instance.id, "groupSet", [security_group.id], dry_run=True
        )
    ex.exception.error_code.should.equal("DryRunOperation")
    ex.exception.status.should.equal(400)
    ex.exception.message.should.equal(
        "An error occurred (DryRunOperation) when calling the ModifyInstanceSecurityGroups operation: Request would have succeeded, but DryRun flag is set"
    )

    conn.modify_instance_attribute(instance.id, "groupSet", [security_group.id])

    security_group_instances = security_group.instances()

    assert len(security_group_instances) == 1
    assert security_group_instances[0].id == instance.id


@mock_ec2
def test_modify_delete_on_termination():
    ec2_client = boto3.resource("ec2", region_name="us-west-1")
    result = ec2_client.create_instances(ImageId="ami-12345678", MinCount=1, MaxCount=1)
    instance = result[0]
    instance.load()
    instance.block_device_mappings[0]["Ebs"]["DeleteOnTermination"].should.be(False)
    instance.modify_attribute(
        BlockDeviceMappings=[
            {"DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", "Ebs": {"DeleteOnTermination": True}}
        ]
    )
    instance.load()
    instance.block_device_mappings[0]["Ebs"]["DeleteOnTermination"].should.be(True)


@mock_ec2
def test_create_instance_ebs_optimized():
    ec2_resource = boto3.resource("ec2", region_name="eu-west-1")

    instance = ec2_resource.create_instances(
        ImageId="ami-12345678", MaxCount=1, MinCount=1, EbsOptimized=True
    )[0]
    instance.load()
    instance.ebs_optimized.should.be(True)

    instance.modify_attribute(EbsOptimized={"Value": False})
    instance.load()
    instance.ebs_optimized.should.be(False)


@mock_ec2
def test_run_multiple_instances_in_same_command():
    instance_count = 4
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    client.run_instances(
        ImageId="ami-1234abcd", MinCount=instance_count, MaxCount=instance_count
    )
    reservations = client.describe_instances()["Reservations"]

    reservations[0]["Instances"].should.have.length_of(instance_count)

    instances = reservations[0]["Instances"]
    for i in range(0, instance_count):
        instances[i]["AmiLaunchIndex"].should.be(i)


@mock_ec2
def test_describe_instance_attribute():
    client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
    security_group_id = client.create_security_group(
        GroupName="test security group", Description="this is a test security group"
    )["GroupId"]
    client.run_instances(
        ImageId="ami-1234abcd",
        MinCount=1,
        MaxCount=1,
        SecurityGroupIds=[security_group_id],
    )
    instance_id = client.describe_instances()["Reservations"][0]["Instances"][0][
        "InstanceId"
    ]

    valid_instance_attributes = [
        "instanceType",
        "kernel",
        "ramdisk",
        "userData",
        "disableApiTermination",
        "instanceInitiatedShutdownBehavior",
        "rootDeviceName",
        "blockDeviceMapping",
        "productCodes",
        "sourceDestCheck",
        "groupSet",
        "ebsOptimized",
        "sriovNetSupport",
    ]

    for valid_instance_attribute in valid_instance_attributes:
        response = client.describe_instance_attribute(
            InstanceId=instance_id, Attribute=valid_instance_attribute
        )
        if valid_instance_attribute == "groupSet":
            response.should.have.key("Groups")
            response["Groups"].should.have.length_of(1)
            response["Groups"][0]["GroupId"].should.equal(security_group_id)
        elif valid_instance_attribute == "userData":
            response.should.have.key("UserData")
            response["UserData"].should.be.empty

    invalid_instance_attributes = [
        "abc",
        "Kernel",
        "RamDisk",
        "userdata",
        "iNsTaNcEtYpE",
    ]

    for invalid_instance_attribute in invalid_instance_attributes:
        with assert_raises(ClientError) as ex:
            client.describe_instance_attribute(
                InstanceId=instance_id, Attribute=invalid_instance_attribute
            )
        ex.exception.response["Error"]["Code"].should.equal("InvalidParameterValue")
        ex.exception.response["ResponseMetadata"]["HTTPStatusCode"].should.equal(400)
        message = "Value ({invalid_instance_attribute}) for parameter attribute is invalid. Unknown attribute.".format(
            invalid_instance_attribute=invalid_instance_attribute
        )
        ex.exception.response["Error"]["Message"].should.equal(message)