diff --git a/IMPLEMENTATION_COVERAGE.md b/IMPLEMENTATION_COVERAGE.md
index d7cb91469..cb973e06d 100644
--- a/IMPLEMENTATION_COVERAGE.md
+++ b/IMPLEMENTATION_COVERAGE.md
@@ -2523,7 +2523,7 @@
 - [X] modify_hosts
 - [ ] modify_id_format
 - [ ] modify_identity_id_format
-- [ ] modify_image_attribute
+- [X] modify_image_attribute
 - [X] modify_instance_attribute
 - [ ] modify_instance_capacity_reservation_attributes
 - [ ] modify_instance_credit_specification
diff --git a/docs/docs/services/ec2.rst b/docs/docs/services/ec2.rst
index 4398c475c..2750ebd76 100644
--- a/docs/docs/services/ec2.rst
+++ b/docs/docs/services/ec2.rst
@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ ec2
 - [X] modify_hosts
 - [ ] modify_id_format
 - [ ] modify_identity_id_format
-- [ ] modify_image_attribute
+- [X] modify_image_attribute
 - [X] modify_instance_attribute
 - [ ] modify_instance_capacity_reservation_attributes
 - [ ] modify_instance_credit_specification
diff --git a/moto/ec2/models/amis.py b/moto/ec2/models/amis.py
index 12028f2cd..862b97536 100644
--- a/moto/ec2/models/amis.py
+++ b/moto/ec2/models/amis.py
@@ -101,11 +101,10 @@ class Ami(TaggedEC2Resource):
             if not description:
                 self.description = source_ami.description
 
-        self.launch_permission_groups: Set[str] = set()
-        self.launch_permission_users: Set[str] = set()
+        self.launch_permissions: List[Dict[str, str]] = []
 
         if public:
-            self.launch_permission_groups.add("all")
+            self.launch_permissions.append({"Group": "all"})
 
         # AWS auto-creates these, we should reflect the same.
         volume = self.ec2_backend.create_volume(size=15, zone_name=region_name)
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ class Ami(TaggedEC2Resource):
 
     @property
     def is_public(self) -> bool:
-        return "all" in self.launch_permission_groups
+        return {"Group": "all"} in self.launch_permissions
 
     @property
     def is_public_string(self) -> str:
@@ -273,8 +272,9 @@ class AmiBackend:
                 tmp_images = []
                 for ami in images:
                     for user_id in exec_users:
-                        if user_id in ami.launch_permission_users:
-                            tmp_images.append(ami)
+                        for lp in ami.launch_permissions:
+                            if lp.get("UserId") == user_id:
+                                tmp_images.append(ami)
                 images = tmp_images
 
             # Limit by owner ids
@@ -305,38 +305,39 @@ class AmiBackend:
         else:
             raise InvalidAMIIdError(ami_id)
 
-    def validate_permission_targets(
-        self, user_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None, group: Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        # If anything is invalid, nothing is added. (No partial success.)
-        if user_ids:
-            """
-            AWS docs:
-              "The AWS account ID is a 12-digit number, such as 123456789012, that you use to construct Amazon Resource Names (ARNs)."
-              http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/acct-identifiers.html
-            """
-            for user_id in user_ids:
-                if len(user_id) != 12 or not user_id.isdigit():
-                    raise InvalidAMIAttributeItemValueError("userId", user_id)
+    def validate_permission_targets(self, permissions: List[Dict[str, str]]) -> None:
+        for perm in permissions:
+            # If anything is invalid, nothing is added. (No partial success.)
+            # AWS docs:
+            # The AWS account ID is a 12-digit number, such as 123456789012, that you use to construct Amazon Resource Names (ARNs)."
+            # http://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/acct-identifiers.html
 
-        if group and group != "all":
-            raise InvalidAMIAttributeItemValueError("UserGroup", group)
+            if "UserId" in perm and (
+                len(perm["UserId"]) != 12 or not perm["UserId"].isdigit()
+            ):
+                raise InvalidAMIAttributeItemValueError("userId", perm["UserId"])
 
-    def add_launch_permission(
+            if "Group" in perm and perm["Group"] != "all":
+                raise InvalidAMIAttributeItemValueError("UserGroup", perm["Group"])
+
+    def modify_image_attribute(
         self,
         ami_id: str,
-        user_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        group: Optional[str] = None,
+        launch_permissions_to_add: List[Dict[str, str]],
+        launch_permissions_to_remove: List[Dict[str, str]],
     ) -> None:
         ami = self.describe_images(ami_ids=[ami_id])[0]
-        self.validate_permission_targets(user_ids=user_ids, group=group)
-
-        if user_ids:
-            for user_id in user_ids:
-                ami.launch_permission_users.add(user_id)
-
-        if group:
-            ami.launch_permission_groups.add(group)
+        self.validate_permission_targets(launch_permissions_to_add)
+        self.validate_permission_targets(launch_permissions_to_remove)
+        for lp in launch_permissions_to_add:
+            if lp not in ami.launch_permissions:
+                ami.launch_permissions.append(lp)
+        for lp in launch_permissions_to_remove:
+            try:
+                ami.launch_permissions.remove(lp)
+            except ValueError:
+                # The LaunchPermission may not exist
+                pass
 
     def register_image(
         self, name: Optional[str] = None, description: Optional[str] = None
@@ -353,21 +354,5 @@ class AmiBackend:
         self.amis[ami_id] = ami
         return ami
 
-    def remove_launch_permission(
-        self,
-        ami_id: str,
-        user_ids: Optional[List[str]] = None,
-        group: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        ami = self.describe_images(ami_ids=[ami_id])[0]
-        self.validate_permission_targets(user_ids=user_ids, group=group)
-
-        if user_ids:
-            for user_id in user_ids:
-                ami.launch_permission_users.discard(user_id)
-
-        if group:
-            ami.launch_permission_groups.discard(group)
-
     def describe_image_attribute(self, ami_id: str, attribute_name: str) -> Any:
         return self.amis[ami_id].__getattribute__(attribute_name)
diff --git a/moto/ec2/responses/amis.py b/moto/ec2/responses/amis.py
index c9e36607d..7238c32e5 100644
--- a/moto/ec2/responses/amis.py
+++ b/moto/ec2/responses/amis.py
@@ -65,10 +65,7 @@ class AmisResponse(EC2BaseResponse):
             "description": "description",
             "kernel": "kernel_id",
             "ramdisk": "ramdisk",
-            "launchPermission": {
-                "groups": "launch_permission_groups",
-                "users": "launch_permission_users",
-            },
+            "launchPermission": "launch_permissions",
             "productCodes": "product_codes",
             "blockDeviceMapping": "bdm",
             "sriovNetSupport": "sriov",
@@ -85,45 +82,63 @@ class AmisResponse(EC2BaseResponse):
             # https://github.com/aws/aws-cli/issues/1083
             raise AuthFailureRestricted
 
-        groups = None
-        users = None
         attribute_value = None
+        launch_permissions = None
         if attribute_name == "launchPermission":
-            groups = self.ec2_backend.describe_image_attribute(
-                ami_id, valid_atrributes_list[attribute_name]["groups"]  # type: ignore[index]
-            )
-            users = self.ec2_backend.describe_image_attribute(
-                ami_id, valid_atrributes_list[attribute_name]["users"]  # type: ignore[index]
+            launch_permissions = self.ec2_backend.describe_image_attribute(
+                ami_id, valid_atrributes_list[attribute_name]
             )
         else:
             attribute_value = self.ec2_backend.describe_image_attribute(
                 ami_id, valid_atrributes_list[attribute_name]
             )
+
         template = self.response_template(DESCRIBE_IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES_RESPONSE)
         return template.render(
             ami_id=ami_id,
-            users=users,
-            groups=groups,
+            launch_permissions=launch_permissions,
             attribute_name=attribute_name,
             attribute_value=attribute_value,
         )
 
     def modify_image_attribute(self) -> str:
         ami_id = self._get_param("ImageId")
+        launch_permissions_to_add = list(
+            self._get_params().get("LaunchPermission", {}).get("Add", {}).values()
+        )
+        launch_permissions_to_remove = list(
+            self._get_params().get("LaunchPermission", {}).get("Remove", {}).values()
+        )
+        # If only one OperationType is added, the other attributes are submitted as different variables
         operation_type = self._get_param("OperationType")
-        group = self._get_param("UserGroup.1")
-        user_ids = self._get_multi_param("UserId")
+        if operation_type in ["add", "remove"]:
+            group = self._get_param("UserGroup.1")
+            lp = (
+                launch_permissions_to_add
+                if operation_type == "add"
+                else launch_permissions_to_remove
+            )
+            if group:
+                lp.append({"Group": group})
+
+            for user_id in self._get_multi_param("UserId"):
+                lp.append({"UserId": user_id})
+
+            org_arn = self._get_param("OrganizationArn.1")
+            if org_arn:
+                lp.append({"OrganizationArn": org_arn})
+
+            ou_arn = self._get_param("OrganizationalUnitArn.1")
+            if ou_arn:
+                lp.append({"OrganizationalUnitArn": ou_arn})
 
         self.error_on_dryrun()
 
-        if operation_type == "add":
-            self.ec2_backend.add_launch_permission(
-                ami_id, user_ids=user_ids, group=group
-            )
-        elif operation_type == "remove":
-            self.ec2_backend.remove_launch_permission(
-                ami_id, user_ids=user_ids, group=group
-            )
+        self.ec2_backend.modify_image_attribute(
+            ami_id=ami_id,
+            launch_permissions_to_add=launch_permissions_to_add,
+            launch_permissions_to_remove=launch_permissions_to_remove,
+        )
         return MODIFY_IMAGE_ATTRIBUTE_RESPONSE
 
     def register_image(self) -> str:
@@ -232,17 +247,13 @@ DESCRIBE_IMAGE_ATTRIBUTES_RESPONSE = """
         {% endfor %}
     {% endif %}
     {% if attribute_name == 'launchPermission' %}
-         {% if groups %}
-            {% for group in groups %}
+         {% if launch_permissions %}
+            {% for lp in launch_permissions %}
                <item>
-                  <group>{{ group }}</group>
-               </item>
-            {% endfor %}
-         {% endif %}
-         {% if users %}
-            {% for user in users %}
-               <item>
-                  <userId>{{ user }}</userId>
+                  {% if lp['UserId'] %}<userId>{{ lp['UserId'] }}</userId>{% endif %}
+                  {% if lp['Group'] %}<group>{{ lp['Group'] }}</group>{% endif %}
+                  {% if lp['OrganizationArn'] %}<organizationArn>{{ lp['OrganizationArn'] }}</organizationArn>{% endif %}
+                  {% if lp['OrganizationalUnitArn'] %}<organizationalUnitArn>{{ lp['OrganizationalUnitArn'] }}</organizationalUnitArn>{% endif %}
                </item>
             {% endfor %}
          {% endif %}
diff --git a/tests/test_ec2/test_amis.py b/tests/test_ec2/test_amis.py
index e8bff43a0..87905a3ce 100644
--- a/tests/test_ec2/test_amis.py
+++ b/tests/test_ec2/test_amis.py
@@ -426,6 +426,9 @@ def test_ami_filters():
     ]
     imageB = boto3.resource("ec2", region_name="us-east-1").Image(imageB_id)
     imageB.modify_attribute(LaunchPermission={"Add": [{"Group": "all"}]})
+    assert imageB.describe_attribute(Attribute="launchPermission")[
+        "LaunchPermissions"
+    ] == [{"Group": "all"}]
 
     amis_by_architecture = ec2.describe_images(
         Filters=[{"Name": "architecture", "Values": ["x86_64"]}]
@@ -479,7 +482,6 @@ def test_ami_filters():
         Filters=[{"Name": "is-public", "Values": ["false"]}]
     )["Images"]
     assert imageA.id in [ami["ImageId"] for ami in amis_by_nonpublic]
-    assert len(amis_by_nonpublic) >= 2, "Should have at least 2 non-public images"
 
 
 @mock_aws
@@ -684,6 +686,53 @@ def test_ami_attribute_user_permissions():
     image.modify_attribute(**REMOVE_USERS_ARGS)
 
 
+@mock_aws
+def test_ami_attribute_organizations():
+    ec2 = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")
+    reservation = ec2.run_instances(ImageId=EXAMPLE_AMI_ID, MinCount=1, MaxCount=1)
+    instance_id = reservation["Instances"][0]["InstanceId"]
+    image_id = ec2.create_image(InstanceId=instance_id, Name="test-ami-A")["ImageId"]
+    image = boto3.resource("ec2", "us-east-1").Image(image_id)
+    arn = "someOrganizationArn"
+    image.modify_attribute(
+        Attribute="launchPermission",
+        OperationType="add",
+        OrganizationArns=[arn],
+    )
+    image.modify_attribute(
+        Attribute="launchPermission",
+        OperationType="add",
+        OrganizationalUnitArns=["ou1"],
+    )
+
+    ec2.modify_image_attribute(
+        Attribute="launchPermission",
+        ImageId=image_id,
+        LaunchPermission={
+            "Add": [
+                {"UserId": "111122223333"},
+                {"UserId": "555566667777"},
+                {"Group": "all"},
+                {"OrganizationArn": "orgarn"},
+                {"OrganizationalUnitArn": "ou2"},
+            ]
+        },
+    )
+
+    launch_permissions = image.describe_attribute(Attribute="launchPermission")[
+        "LaunchPermissions"
+    ]
+    assert launch_permissions == [
+        {"OrganizationArn": "someOrganizationArn"},
+        {"OrganizationalUnitArn": "ou1"},
+        {"UserId": "111122223333"},
+        {"UserId": "555566667777"},
+        {"Group": "all"},
+        {"OrganizationArn": "orgarn"},
+        {"OrganizationalUnitArn": "ou2"},
+    ]
+
+
 @mock_aws
 def test_ami_describe_executable_users():
     conn = boto3.client("ec2", region_name="us-east-1")