diff --git a/moto/ec2/utils.py b/moto/ec2/utils.py
index 2301248c1..74fe3d27b 100644
--- a/moto/ec2/utils.py
+++ b/moto/ec2/utils.py
@@ -252,7 +252,8 @@ def dhcp_configuration_from_querystring(querystring, option="DhcpConfiguration")
 
 def filters_from_querystring(querystring_dict):
     response_values = {}
-    for key, value in querystring_dict.items():
+    last_tag_key = None
+    for key, value in sorted(querystring_dict.items()):
         match = re.search(r"Filter.(\d).Name", key)
         if match:
             filter_index = match.groups()[0]
@@ -262,6 +263,10 @@ def filters_from_querystring(querystring_dict):
                 for filter_key, filter_value in querystring_dict.items()
                 if filter_key.startswith(value_prefix)
             ]
+            if value[0] == "tag-key":
+                last_tag_key = "tag:" + filter_values[0]
+            elif last_tag_key and value[0] == "tag-value":
+                response_values[last_tag_key] = filter_values
             response_values[value[0]] = filter_values
     return response_values
 
@@ -329,6 +334,8 @@ def tag_filter_matches(obj, filter_name, filter_values):
         tag_values = get_obj_tag_names(obj)
     elif filter_name == "tag-value":
         tag_values = get_obj_tag_values(obj)
+    elif filter_name.startswith("tag:"):
+        tag_values = get_obj_tag_values(obj)
     else:
         tag_values = [get_obj_tag(obj, filter_name) or ""]
 
diff --git a/tests/test_ec2/test_tags.py b/tests/test_ec2/test_tags.py
index 29d2cb1e3..92ed18dd4 100644
--- a/tests/test_ec2/test_tags.py
+++ b/tests/test_ec2/test_tags.py
@@ -468,3 +468,36 @@ def test_delete_tag_empty_resource():
     ex.exception.response["Error"]["Message"].should.equal(
         "The request must contain the parameter resourceIdSet"
     )
+
+
+@mock_ec2
+def test_retrieve_resource_with_multiple_tags():
+    ec2 = boto3.resource("ec2", region_name="us-west-1")
+    blue, green = ec2.create_instances(ImageId="ANY_ID", MinCount=2, MaxCount=2)
+    ec2.create_tags(
+        Resources=[blue.instance_id],
+        Tags=[
+            {"Key": "environment", "Value": "blue"},
+            {"Key": "application", "Value": "api"},
+        ],
+    )
+    ec2.create_tags(
+        Resources=[green.instance_id],
+        Tags=[
+            {"Key": "environment", "Value": "green"},
+            {"Key": "application", "Value": "api"},
+        ],
+    )
+    green_instances = list(ec2.instances.filter(Filters=(get_filter("green"))))
+    green_instances.should.equal([green])
+    blue_instances = list(ec2.instances.filter(Filters=(get_filter("blue"))))
+    blue_instances.should.equal([blue])
+
+
+def get_filter(color):
+    return [
+        {"Name": "tag-key", "Values": ["application"]},
+        {"Name": "tag-value", "Values": ["api"]},
+        {"Name": "tag-key", "Values": ["environment"]},
+        {"Name": "tag-value", "Values": [color]},
+    ]