Add a Haskell and a Rust project that talk to each other

.gitattributes

@@ -51,3 +51,5 @@
 *.out filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.a filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
 *.o filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+
+Makefile linguist-vendored

.gitignore

@@ -72,6 +72,9 @@ poetry.lock
 .cargo-ok
 cobertura.xml
 tarpaulin-report.html
+/haskell/dist-newstyle/
+/haskell/.ghc.environment.*
+/.cabal/
 
 # Comment out the next line if you want to checkin your lock file for Cargo
 Cargo.lock

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 [package]
 name = "integrations"
 version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
+edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 publish = false
+build = "rust/build.rs"
 
 [lib]
 path = "rust/lib.rs"
+crate-type = ["rlib", "staticlib"]
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "integrations"
 path = "rust/main.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
-ctor = "0.2"
+ctor = "0.6.3"
+libloading = "0.9.0"
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = "0.3"

Makefile

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ DEBUG_PROJ := 0
 RUST_BACKTRACE := 1
 ASSET_DIR := assets
 TEST_DATA_DIR := tests/testdata
-SHELL := /bin/bash
+SHELL := bash
 
 # Default target
 .DEFAULT_GOAL := help
@@ -17,6 +17,18 @@ help: ## Show help messages for all available targets
 	@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z_-]+:.*## .*$$' Makefile | \
 	awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*## "}; {printf "\033[36m%-30s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
 
+.PHONY: haskell-build
+haskell-build: ## Build the Haskell interop project and the Rust static library it links against
+	@$(MAKE) -C haskell build
+
+.PHONY: haskell-run
+haskell-run: ## Run the Haskell -> Rust demo
+	@$(MAKE) -C haskell run
+
+.PHONY: rust-calls-haskell
+rust-calls-haskell: haskell-build ## Run the Rust -> Haskell demo
+	@cargo run -- rust-calls-haskell
+
 .PHONY: format
 format: ## Format Rust files
 	@echo "Formatting Rust files..."

README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,12 @@
 
 ---
 
-To be added.
+Integrating components written in different languages (like Haskell/Rust/C).
+
+Current demo work lives in `haskell/` and `rust/`.
+
+- `haskell/` contains a small Cabal project with a Haskell executable that calls into Rust and a foreign library that Rust can call back into.
+- `rust/` contains the Rust C ABI exports plus a CLI path for Rust calling the Haskell foreign library.
 
 ### License
 

haskell/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+SHELL := bash
+CABAL_DIR := $(abspath ../.cabal)
+CABAL_ENV := CABAL_DIR=$(CABAL_DIR) XDG_STATE_HOME=$(CABAL_DIR)/state XDG_CACHE_HOME=$(CABAL_DIR)/cache XDG_CONFIG_HOME=$(CABAL_DIR)/config
+
+.DEFAULT_GOAL := help
+
+.PHONY: help
+help: ## Show available Haskell interop commands
+	@grep -E '^[a-zA-Z_-]+:.*## .*$$' Makefile | \
+	awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*## "}; {printf "\033[36m%-24s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2}'
+
+.PHONY: rust-lib
+rust-lib: ## Build the Rust static library used by the Haskell executable
+	@cargo build --manifest-path ../Cargo.toml --lib
+
+.PHONY: build
+build: rust-lib ## Build the Haskell project, including the foreign library for Rust
+	@$(CABAL_ENV) cabal build --project-file=cabal.project all
+
+.PHONY: run
+run: rust-lib ## Run the Haskell -> Rust demo executable
+	@$(CABAL_ENV) cabal run --project-file=cabal.project haskell-calls-rust -- Ada 7 5
+
+.PHONY: test
+test: ## Run the pure Haskell tests
+	@$(CABAL_ENV) cabal test --project-file=cabal.project

haskell/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Haskell Interop Demo
+
+This directory contains a small Haskell project for the repository's Rust/Haskell integration work.
+
+The project demonstrates both directions:
+
+- Haskell calling into Rust through a C ABI exposed by the Rust crate.
+- Rust calling back into Haskell through a Cabal `foreign-library`, with explicit GHC RTS initialization.
+
+## Layout
+
+- `src/Interop/Shared.hs` - pure shared logic plus the C-compatible struct layout used at the boundary.
+- `src/Interop/Exports.hs` - Haskell functions exported to C for Rust to call.
+- `app/RustClient.hs` - Haskell imports for the Rust C ABI.
+- `app/Main.hs` - Haskell executable that demonstrates the Haskell -> Rust path.
+- `test/Spec.hs` - small pure tests that avoid crossing the FFI boundary.
+
+The code keeps the FFI surface small on purpose. The boundary uses:
+
+- integers
+- a fixed C-shaped struct
+- owned C strings with an explicit free function on each side
+
+That is enough to demonstrate the main challenges without pulling in code generation or large bindings.
+
+## Build And Run
+
+From the repository root:
+
+```sh
+make haskell-build
+```
+
+Run the Haskell executable that calls Rust:
+
+```sh
+make haskell-run
+```
+
+Run the Rust executable that calls the Haskell foreign library:
+
+```sh
+make rust-calls-haskell
+```
+
+You can also run the commands manually:
+
+```sh
+cargo build --lib
+cabal build --project-file=haskell/cabal.project all
+cabal run --project-file=haskell/cabal.project haskell-calls-rust -- Ada 7 5
+cargo run -- rust-calls-haskell Ada 7 5
+```
+
+## What This Demonstrates
+
+- The boundary must stay C-shaped. Rich Rust and Haskell types do not cross directly.
+- Strings need explicit ownership rules. Each side exports its own free function.
+- Struct layout must be mirrored carefully on both sides.
+- Rust calling Haskell is the harder direction because it must initialize and shut down the GHC runtime correctly.
+- Build order is part of the design. Haskell links against the Rust static library, and Rust loads the Haskell foreign library after Cabal builds it.

haskell/app/Main.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+module Main (main) where
+
+import Interop.Shared (Summary (..))
+import RustClient (callRustMessage, callRustSummary)
+import System.Environment (getArgs)
+import Text.Read (readMaybe)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+    args <- getArgs
+    let (name, left, right) = parseArgs args
+    summary <- callRustSummary left right
+    message <- callRustMessage name left right
+
+    putStrLn "Haskell -> Rust demo"
+    putStrLn $ "Inputs: name=" ++ name ++ ", left=" ++ show left ++ ", right=" ++ show right
+    putStrLn $ "Stats from Rust: " ++ renderSummary summary
+    putStrLn $ "Message from Rust: " ++ message
+
+parseArgs :: [String] -> (String, Int, Int)
+parseArgs args =
+    let name = case args of
+            value : _ -> value
+            [] -> "Ada"
+        left = maybe 7 id (pickNumber 1 args)
+        right = maybe 5 id (pickNumber 2 args)
+     in (name, left, right)
+
+pickNumber :: Int -> [String] -> Maybe Int
+pickNumber index values = do
+    value <- safeIndex index values
+    readMaybe value
+
+safeIndex :: Int -> [a] -> Maybe a
+safeIndex index values
+    | index < 0 = Nothing
+    | otherwise = case drop index values of
+        value : _ -> Just value
+        [] -> Nothing
+
+renderSummary :: Summary -> String
+renderSummary summary =
+    "total="
+        ++ show (total summary)
+        ++ ", product="
+        ++ show (combinedProduct summary)
+        ++ ", gap="
+        ++ show (gap summary)

haskell/app/RustClient.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+module RustClient (
+    callRustMessage,
+    callRustSummary,
+) where
+
+import Control.Exception (bracket)
+import Foreign.C.String (CString, peekCString, withCString)
+import Foreign.C.Types (CInt (..))
+import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc (alloca)
+import Foreign.Ptr (Ptr, nullPtr)
+import Foreign.Storable (peek)
+import Interop.Shared (Summary, SharedStats, summaryFromSharedStats)
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "rust_compute_stats"
+    rustComputeStats :: CInt -> CInt -> Ptr SharedStats -> IO CInt
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "rust_make_message"
+    rustMakeMessage :: CString -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CString
+
+foreign import ccall unsafe "rust_free_string"
+    rustFreeString :: CString -> IO ()
+
+callRustSummary :: Int -> Int -> IO Summary
+callRustSummary left right =
+    alloca $ \outStats -> do
+        status <- rustComputeStats (fromIntegral left) (fromIntegral right) outStats
+        if status /= 0
+            then fail ("rustComputeStats returned status " ++ show status)
+            else summaryFromSharedStats <$> peek outStats
+
+callRustMessage :: String -> Int -> Int -> IO String
+callRustMessage name left right =
+    withCString name $ \namePtr -> do
+        messagePtr <- rustMakeMessage namePtr (fromIntegral left) (fromIntegral right)
+        if messagePtr == nullPtr
+            then fail "rustMakeMessage returned a null pointer"
+            else
+                bracket
+                    (pure messagePtr)
+                    rustFreeString
+                    peekCString

haskell/cabal.project

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+packages: .

haskell/interop-demo.cabal

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+cabal-version: 3.8
+name: haskell-interop-demo
+version: 0.1.0.0
+license: MIT
+build-type: Simple
+
+common common
+    default-language: GHC2021
+    ghc-options:
+        -Wall
+        -Wcompat
+        -Widentities
+        -Wincomplete-record-updates
+        -Wincomplete-uni-patterns
+        -Wmissing-export-lists
+        -Wmissing-home-modules
+        -Wpartial-fields
+        -Wredundant-constraints
+    build-depends:
+        base >= 4.18 && < 5
+
+library
+    import: common
+    hs-source-dirs: src
+    exposed-modules:
+        Interop.Exports
+        Interop.Shared
+
+foreign-library interop_hs
+    import: common
+    type: native-shared
+    options: standalone
+    ghc-options:
+        -dynamic
+    hs-source-dirs: src
+    other-modules:
+        Interop.Exports
+        Interop.Shared
+
+executable haskell-calls-rust
+    import: common
+    main-is: Main.hs
+    hs-source-dirs:
+        app
+        src
+    other-modules:
+        RustClient
+        Interop.Shared
+    ghc-options:
+        -threaded
+        -rtsopts
+        -with-rtsopts=-N
+    extra-lib-dirs:
+        ../target/debug
+        ../target/release
+    extra-libraries:
+        integrations
+
+test-suite haskell-interop-demo-test
+    import: common
+    type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
+    main-is: Spec.hs
+    hs-source-dirs:
+        test
+        src
+    other-modules:
+        Interop.Shared
+    build-depends:
+        haskell-interop-demo

haskell/src/Interop/Exports.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+module Interop.Exports (
+    hsComputeStats,
+    hsFreeString,
+    hsMakeMessage,
+) where
+
+import Foreign.C.String (CString, newCString, peekCString)
+import Foreign.C.Types (CInt (..))
+import Foreign.Marshal.Alloc (free)
+import Foreign.Ptr (Ptr, nullPtr)
+import Foreign.Storable (poke)
+import Interop.Shared (SharedStats, calculateSummary, formatHaskellMessage, summaryToSharedStats)
+
+hsComputeStats :: CInt -> CInt -> Ptr SharedStats -> IO CInt
+hsComputeStats left right outStats
+    | outStats == nullPtr = pure 1
+    | otherwise = do
+        poke outStats $
+            summaryToSharedStats $
+                calculateSummary (fromIntegral left) (fromIntegral right)
+        pure 0
+
+hsMakeMessage :: CString -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CString
+hsMakeMessage namePtr left right
+    | namePtr == nullPtr = newCString "Haskell received a null name pointer"
+    | otherwise = do
+        name <- peekCString namePtr
+        let summary = calculateSummary (fromIntegral left) (fromIntegral right)
+        newCString (formatHaskellMessage name summary)
+
+hsFreeString :: CString -> IO ()
+hsFreeString ptr
+    | ptr == nullPtr = pure ()
+    | otherwise = free ptr
+
+foreign export ccall "hs_compute_stats" hsComputeStats :: CInt -> CInt -> Ptr SharedStats -> IO CInt
+foreign export ccall "hs_make_message" hsMakeMessage :: CString -> CInt -> CInt -> IO CString
+foreign export ccall "hs_free_string" hsFreeString :: CString -> IO ()

haskell/src/Interop/Shared.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+module Interop.Shared (
+    SharedStats (..),
+    Summary (..),
+    calculateSummary,
+    formatHaskellMessage,
+    summaryFromSharedStats,
+    summaryToSharedStats,
+) where
+
+import Foreign.C.Types (CInt)
+import Foreign.Storable (Storable (..), peekByteOff, pokeByteOff)
+
+data Summary = Summary
+    { total :: Int
+    , combinedProduct :: Int
+    , gap :: Int
+    }
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+calculateSummary :: Int -> Int -> Summary
+calculateSummary left right =
+    Summary
+        { total = left + right
+        , combinedProduct = left * right
+        , gap = abs (left - right)
+        }
+
+formatHaskellMessage :: String -> Summary -> String
+formatHaskellMessage name summary =
+    "Haskell handled "
+        ++ name
+        ++ ": total="
+        ++ show (total summary)
+        ++ ", product="
+        ++ show (combinedProduct summary)
+        ++ ", gap="
+        ++ show (gap summary)
+
+data SharedStats = SharedStats
+    { sharedTotal :: CInt
+    , sharedProduct :: CInt
+    , sharedGap :: CInt
+    }
+    deriving (Eq, Show)
+
+instance Storable SharedStats where
+    sizeOf _ = fieldSize * 3
+      where
+        fieldSize = sizeOf (undefined :: CInt)
+
+    alignment _ = alignment (undefined :: CInt)
+
+    peek ptr =
+        SharedStats
+            <$> peekByteOff ptr 0
+            <*> peekByteOff ptr fieldSize
+            <*> peekByteOff ptr (fieldSize * 2)
+      where
+        fieldSize = sizeOf (undefined :: CInt)
+
+    poke ptr value = do
+        pokeByteOff ptr 0 (sharedTotal value)
+        pokeByteOff ptr fieldSize (sharedProduct value)
+        pokeByteOff ptr (fieldSize * 2) (sharedGap value)
+      where
+        fieldSize = sizeOf (undefined :: CInt)
+
+summaryToSharedStats :: Summary -> SharedStats
+summaryToSharedStats summary =
+    SharedStats
+        { sharedTotal = fromIntegral (total summary)
+        , sharedProduct = fromIntegral (combinedProduct summary)
+        , sharedGap = fromIntegral (gap summary)
+        }
+
+summaryFromSharedStats :: SharedStats -> Summary
+summaryFromSharedStats stats =
+    Summary
+        { total = fromIntegral (sharedTotal stats)
+        , combinedProduct = fromIntegral (sharedProduct stats)
+        , gap = fromIntegral (sharedGap stats)
+        }

haskell/test/Spec.hs

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+module Main (main) where
+
+import Interop.Shared (calculateSummary, combinedProduct, formatHaskellMessage, gap, total)
+import System.Exit (exitFailure)
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = do
+    assertEqual "summary total" 12 (totalValue 7 5)
+    assertEqual "summary product" 35 (productValue 7 5)
+    assertEqual "summary gap" 2 (gapValue 7 5)
+    assertEqual
+        "message rendering"
+        "Haskell handled Ada: total=12, product=35, gap=2"
+        (formatHaskellMessage "Ada" (calculateSummary 7 5))
+
+totalValue :: Int -> Int -> Int
+totalValue left right = total (calculateSummary left right)
+
+productValue :: Int -> Int -> Int
+productValue left right = combinedProduct (calculateSummary left right)
+
+gapValue :: Int -> Int -> Int
+gapValue left right = gap (calculateSummary left right)
+
+assertEqual :: (Eq a, Show a) => String -> a -> a -> IO ()
+assertEqual label expected actual
+    | expected == actual = pure ()
+    | otherwise = do
+        putStrLn $
+            label
+                ++ " expected "
+                ++ show expected
+                ++ " but got "
+                ++ show actual
+        exitFailure

rust/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};
+use std::env;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+use std::process::Command;
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=GHC_LIBDIR");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=GHC_RTS_LIB");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=rust/build.rs");
+
+    let libdir = env::var("GHC_LIBDIR").unwrap_or_else(|_| ghc_print_libdir());
+    let explicit_rts = env::var("GHC_RTS_LIB").ok().map(PathBuf::from);
+    let rts_path = explicit_rts.unwrap_or_else(|| find_rts_library(Path::new(&libdir)));
+    let rts_dir = rts_path
+        .parent()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new(&libdir))
+        .to_path_buf();
+    let rts_name = rts_path
+        .file_stem()
+        .and_then(|stem| stem.to_str())
+        .map(strip_library_prefix)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to resolve GHC RTS library name from {}", rts_path.display()));
+
+    let mut search_dirs = BTreeSet::new();
+    let mut haskell_libs = Vec::new();
+    let mut seen_haskell_libs = HashSet::new();
+    let mut native_libs = BTreeSet::new();
+
+    search_dirs.insert(rts_dir);
+    seen_haskell_libs.insert(rts_name.clone());
+    haskell_libs.push(rts_name);
+
+    for package in ["base", "ghc-prim", "ghc-bignum"] {
+        let info = ghc_pkg_describe(package);
+        for dir in &info.dynamic_library_dirs {
+            search_dirs.insert(dir.clone());
+        }
+        for library in info.hs_libraries {
+            let resolved = resolve_dynamic_hs_library(&library, &info.dynamic_library_dirs);
+            if seen_haskell_libs.insert(resolved.clone()) {
+                haskell_libs.push(resolved);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for library in info.extra_libraries {
+            native_libs.insert(library);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let rts_info = ghc_pkg_describe("rts");
+    for dir in rts_info.dynamic_library_dirs {
+        search_dirs.insert(dir);
+    }
+    for library in rts_info.extra_libraries {
+        native_libs.insert(library);
+    }
+
+    for dir in search_dirs {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-search=native={}", dir.display());
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Wl,-rpath,{}", dir.display());
+    }
+
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Wl,--no-as-needed");
+    for library in haskell_libs {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib={library}");
+    }
+    println!("cargo:rustc-link-arg=-Wl,--as-needed");
+
+    for library in native_libs {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-link-lib=dylib={library}");
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct PackageInfo {
+    hs_libraries: Vec<String>,
+    extra_libraries: Vec<String>,
+    dynamic_library_dirs: Vec<PathBuf>,
+}
+
+fn ghc_print_libdir() -> String {
+    let output = Command::new("ghc")
+        .arg("--print-libdir")
+        .output()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|error| panic!("failed to run `ghc --print-libdir`: {error}"));
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        panic!("`ghc --print-libdir` did not exit successfully");
+    }
+
+    String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim().to_string()
+}
+
+fn ghc_pkg_describe(package: &str) -> PackageInfo {
+    let output = Command::new("ghc-pkg")
+        .args(["describe", package])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|error| panic!("failed to run `ghc-pkg describe {package}`: {error}"));
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        panic!("`ghc-pkg describe {package}` did not exit successfully");
+    }
+
+    let description = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+    parse_package_description(&description)
+}
+
+fn parse_package_description(description: &str) -> PackageInfo {
+    let mut info = PackageInfo::default();
+    let mut current_field = String::new();
+    let mut pkgroot = String::new();
+
+    for raw_line in description.lines() {
+        let line = raw_line.trim_end();
+        if line.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if raw_line.starts_with(' ') || raw_line.starts_with('\t') {
+            push_field_values(&current_field, line.trim(), &mut pkgroot, &mut info);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some((field, rest)) = line.split_once(':') {
+            current_field = field.trim().to_string();
+            push_field_values(&current_field, rest.trim(), &mut pkgroot, &mut info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !pkgroot.is_empty() {
+        for dir in &mut info.dynamic_library_dirs {
+            let resolved = dir
+                .display()
+                .to_string()
+                .replace("${pkgroot}", &pkgroot);
+            *dir = PathBuf::from(resolved);
+        }
+    }
+
+    info
+}
+
+fn push_field_values(
+    field: &str,
+    values: &str,
+    pkgroot: &mut String,
+    info: &mut PackageInfo,
+) {
+    if values.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    match field {
+        "pkgroot" => {
+            *pkgroot = values.trim_matches('"').to_string();
+        }
+        "hs-libraries" => {
+            for value in values.split_whitespace() {
+                info.hs_libraries
+                    .push(strip_library_prefix(value.trim_matches('"')));
+            }
+        }
+        "extra-libraries" => {
+            for value in values.split_whitespace() {
+                info.extra_libraries.push(value.trim_matches('"').to_string());
+            }
+        }
+        "dynamic-library-dirs" => {
+            for value in values.split_whitespace() {
+                info.dynamic_library_dirs
+                    .push(PathBuf::from(value.trim_matches('"')));
+            }
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+fn resolve_dynamic_hs_library(library: &str, search_dirs: &[PathBuf]) -> String {
+    for dir in search_dirs {
+        let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(dir) else {
+            continue;
+        };
+
+        for entry in entries.flatten() {
+            let path = entry.path();
+            let Some(file_name) = path.file_name().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            let exact_name = format!("lib{library}.so");
+            let versioned_prefix = format!("lib{library}-");
+            if (file_name == exact_name
+                || (file_name.starts_with(&versioned_prefix) && file_name.ends_with(".so")))
+                && path.is_file()
+            {
+                if let Some(stem) = path.file_stem().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) {
+                    return strip_library_prefix(stem);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    library.to_string()
+}
+
+fn find_rts_library(libdir: &Path) -> PathBuf {
+    let mut candidates = Vec::new();
+    walk_for_rts(libdir, &mut candidates);
+    candidates.sort_by_key(|path| rts_priority(path));
+
+    candidates
+        .into_iter()
+        .next()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("failed to locate a GHC RTS library under {}", libdir.display()))
+}
+
+fn walk_for_rts(root: &Path, candidates: &mut Vec<PathBuf>) {
+    let Ok(entries) = fs::read_dir(root) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    for entry in entries.flatten() {
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            walk_for_rts(&path, candidates);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if is_threaded_rts_library(&path) {
+            candidates.push(path);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_threaded_rts_library(path: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Some(file_name) = path.file_name().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    path.extension().and_then(|ext| ext.to_str()) == Some("so") && file_name.starts_with("libHSrts-")
+}
+
+fn rts_priority(path: &Path) -> (u8, String) {
+    let file_name = path
+        .file_name()
+        .and_then(|value| value.to_str())
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .to_string();
+
+    let rank = if file_name.contains("_debug") {
+        3
+    } else if file_name.contains("_thr") {
+        1
+    } else {
+        0
+    };
+
+    (rank, file_name)
+}
+
+fn strip_library_prefix(stem: &str) -> String {
+    stem.strip_prefix("lib").unwrap_or(stem).to_string()
+}

rust/cli.rs

@@ -1,32 +1,137 @@
+use crate::haskell::{run_haskell_demo, DemoArgs};
 use std::ffi::OsString;
 use tracing::error;
 
 pub fn run(args: impl IntoIterator<Item = OsString>) -> Result<(), i32> {
-    let _args: Vec<OsString> = args.into_iter().collect();
+    let args: Vec<String> = args
-    if _args.len() < 2 {
+        .into_iter()
-        error!("Expecting at least 2 arguments");
+        .map(|arg| arg.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
-        return Err(1);
+        .collect();
+
+    match parse_command(&args) {
+        Ok(Command::Help) => {
+            print_usage(args.first().map(String::as_str).unwrap_or("integrations"));
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        Ok(Command::RustCallsHaskell(demo_args)) => match run_haskell_demo(&demo_args) {
+            Ok(output) => {
+                println!("{output}");
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Err(message) => {
+                error!("{message}");
+                Err(1)
+            }
+        },
+        Err(message) => {
+            error!("{message}");
+            print_usage(args.first().map(String::as_str).unwrap_or("integrations"));
+            Err(1)
+        }
     }
-    Ok(())
 }
 
-// Unit tests
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Command {
+    Help,
+    RustCallsHaskell(DemoArgs),
+}
+
+fn parse_command(args: &[String]) -> Result<Command, String> {
+    match args {
+        [_program] => Ok(Command::Help),
+        [_program, command] if command == "help" || command == "--help" || command == "-h" => {
+            Ok(Command::Help)
+        }
+        [_program, command, rest @ ..] if command == "rust-calls-haskell" => {
+            parse_demo_args(rest).map(Command::RustCallsHaskell)
+        }
+        [_program, command, ..] => Err(format!("unknown command: {command}")),
+        [] => Ok(Command::Help),
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_demo_args(args: &[String]) -> Result<DemoArgs, String> {
+    let name = args
+        .first()
+        .cloned()
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| "Ada".to_string());
+    let left = parse_i32_arg(args.get(1), "left operand", 7)?;
+    let right = parse_i32_arg(args.get(2), "right operand", 5)?;
+    let library_path = args.get(3).cloned();
+
+    Ok(DemoArgs {
+        name,
+        left,
+        right,
+        library_path,
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_i32_arg(raw: Option<&String>, label: &str, default: i32) -> Result<i32, String> {
+    match raw {
+        Some(value) => value
+            .parse::<i32>()
+            .map_err(|_| format!("invalid {label}: {value}")),
+        None => Ok(default),
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_usage(program: &str) {
+    println!("Usage:");
+    println!("  {program} rust-calls-haskell [name] [left] [right] [haskell-lib-path]");
+    println!();
+    println!("Examples:");
+    println!("  {program} rust-calls-haskell");
+    println!("  {program} rust-calls-haskell Grace 8 3");
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use std::ffi::OsString;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_run_with_valid_args() {
+    fn parse_demo_args_uses_defaults() {
-        let args = vec![OsString::from("arg1"), OsString::from("arg2")];
+        let args: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-        let result = run(args);
+        let parsed = parse_demo_args(&args).expect("defaults should parse");
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            parsed,
+            DemoArgs {
+                name: "Ada".to_string(),
+                left: 7,
+                right: 5,
+                library_path: None,
+            }
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_run_with_invalid_args() {
+    fn parse_demo_args_accepts_explicit_values() {
-        let args = vec![OsString::from("invalid_arg")];
+        let args = vec![
-        let result = run(args);
+            "Linus".to_string(),
-        assert!(result.is_err());
+            "9".to_string(),
+            "4".to_string(),
+            "haskell/dist-newstyle/demo/libinterop_hs.so".to_string(),
+        ];
+        let parsed = parse_demo_args(&args).expect("explicit args should parse");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            parsed,
+            DemoArgs {
+                name: "Linus".to_string(),
+                left: 9,
+                right: 4,
+                library_path: Some("haskell/dist-newstyle/demo/libinterop_hs.so".to_string()),
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_command_rejects_unknown_commands() {
+        let args = vec!["integrations".to_string(), "wat".to_string()];
+        let parsed = parse_command(&args);
+
+        assert!(parsed.is_err());
     }
 }

rust/haskell.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+use crate::interop::SharedStats;
+use libloading::Library;
+use std::env;
+use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+use std::fs;
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
+
+unsafe extern "C" {
+    fn hs_init(argc: *mut c_int, argv: *mut *mut *mut c_char);
+    fn hs_exit();
+}
+
+type HsComputeStats = unsafe extern "C" fn(c_int, c_int, *mut SharedStats) -> c_int;
+type HsMakeMessage = unsafe extern "C" fn(*const c_char, c_int, c_int) -> *mut c_char;
+type HsFreeString = unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut c_char);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct DemoArgs {
+    pub name: String,
+    pub left: i32,
+    pub right: i32,
+    pub library_path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+pub fn run_haskell_demo(args: &DemoArgs) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let library_path = resolve_library_path(args.library_path.as_deref())?;
+    let runtime = HaskellRuntime::start()?;
+
+    let output = load_and_run(&library_path, args);
+
+    drop(runtime);
+    output
+}
+
+struct HaskellRuntime;
+
+impl HaskellRuntime {
+    fn start() -> Result<Self, String> {
+        let mut argc: c_int = 1;
+        let program_name = CString::new("integrations-hs-runtime")
+            .map_err(|_| "failed to create runtime program name".to_string())?;
+        let mut argv = vec![program_name.as_ptr() as *mut c_char, std::ptr::null_mut()];
+        let mut argv_ptr = argv.as_mut_ptr();
+
+        unsafe {
+            hs_init(&mut argc, &mut argv_ptr);
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for HaskellRuntime {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            hs_exit();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn load_and_run(library_path: &Path, args: &DemoArgs) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let library = unsafe { Library::new(library_path) }
+        .map_err(|error| format!("failed to load {}: {error}", library_path.display()))?;
+
+    let compute_stats: HsComputeStats = unsafe {
+        *library
+            .get(b"hs_compute_stats\0")
+            .map_err(|error| format!("failed to load hs_compute_stats: {error}"))?
+    };
+    let make_message: HsMakeMessage = unsafe {
+        *library
+            .get(b"hs_make_message\0")
+            .map_err(|error| format!("failed to load hs_make_message: {error}"))?
+    };
+    let free_string: HsFreeString = unsafe {
+        *library
+            .get(b"hs_free_string\0")
+            .map_err(|error| format!("failed to load hs_free_string: {error}"))?
+    };
+
+    let mut stats = SharedStats::default();
+    let status = unsafe { compute_stats(args.left, args.right, &mut stats) };
+    if status != 0 {
+        return Err(format!("hs_compute_stats returned status {status}"));
+    }
+
+    let name = CString::new(args.name.replace('\0', "?"))
+        .map_err(|_| "failed to prepare demo name".to_string())?;
+    let message_ptr = unsafe { make_message(name.as_ptr(), args.left, args.right) };
+    if message_ptr.is_null() {
+        return Err("hs_make_message returned a null pointer".to_string());
+    }
+
+    let message = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(message_ptr) }
+        .to_string_lossy()
+        .into_owned();
+    unsafe {
+        free_string(message_ptr);
+    }
+
+    Ok(format!(
+        "Rust -> Haskell demo\nLibrary: {}\nInputs: name={}, left={}, right={}\nStats from Haskell: total={}, product={}, gap={}\nMessage from Haskell: {}",
+        library_path.display(),
+        args.name,
+        args.left,
+        args.right,
+        stats.total,
+        stats.product,
+        stats.gap,
+        message,
+    ))
+}
+
+fn resolve_library_path(explicit_path: Option<&str>) -> Result<PathBuf, String> {
+    if let Some(path) = explicit_path {
+        return Ok(PathBuf::from(path));
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(path) = env::var("HASKELL_FOREIGN_LIB") {
+        return Ok(PathBuf::from(path));
+    }
+
+    let dist_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+        .join("haskell")
+        .join("dist-newstyle");
+    let mut matches = Vec::new();
+    collect_matching_libraries(&dist_dir, &mut matches)?;
+    matches.sort();
+
+    matches.into_iter().next().ok_or_else(|| {
+        "could not find the Haskell foreign library under haskell/dist-newstyle; run `make haskell-build` first or pass an explicit path".to_string()
+    })
+}
+
+fn collect_matching_libraries(root: &Path, matches: &mut Vec<PathBuf>) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if !root.exists() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let entries = fs::read_dir(root)
+        .map_err(|error| format!("failed to read {}: {error}", root.display()))?;
+    for entry in entries {
+        let entry = entry.map_err(|error| format!("failed to inspect {}: {error}", root.display()))?;
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if path.is_dir() {
+            collect_matching_libraries(&path, matches)?;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if is_haskell_foreign_library(&path) {
+            matches.push(path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn is_haskell_foreign_library(path: &Path) -> bool {
+    let Some(file_name) = path.file_name().and_then(|value| value.to_str()) else {
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    let is_library = file_name.ends_with(".so")
+        || file_name.ends_with(".dylib")
+        || file_name.ends_with(".dll");
+
+    is_library && file_name.contains("interop_hs")
+}

rust/interop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
+use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct SharedStats {
+    pub total: c_int,
+    pub product: c_int,
+    pub gap: c_int,
+}
+
+pub fn compute_stats(left: c_int, right: c_int) -> SharedStats {
+    SharedStats {
+        total: left.saturating_add(right),
+        product: left.saturating_mul(right),
+        gap: left.saturating_sub(right).abs(),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn make_rust_message(name: &str, left: c_int, right: c_int) -> String {
+    let stats = compute_stats(left, right);
+    format!(
+        "Rust handled {name}: total={}, product={}, gap={}",
+        stats.total, stats.product, stats.gap
+    )
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_compute_stats(
+    left: c_int,
+    right: c_int,
+    out_stats: *mut SharedStats,
+) -> c_int {
+    if out_stats.is_null() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    out_stats.write(compute_stats(left, right));
+    0
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_make_message(
+    name: *const c_char,
+    left: c_int,
+    right: c_int,
+) -> *mut c_char {
+    if name.is_null() {
+        return string_into_raw("Rust received a null name pointer".to_string());
+    }
+
+    let name = CStr::from_ptr(name).to_string_lossy();
+    string_into_raw(make_rust_message(name.as_ref(), left, right))
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_free_string(ptr: *mut c_char) {
+    if ptr.is_null() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    drop(CString::from_raw(ptr));
+}
+
+fn string_into_raw(message: String) -> *mut c_char {
+    let sanitized = message.replace('\0', "?");
+    match CString::new(sanitized) {
+        Ok(c_string) => c_string.into_raw(),
+        Err(_) => std::ptr::null_mut(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn compute_stats_matches_expected_values() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            compute_stats(9, 4),
+            SharedStats {
+                total: 13,
+                product: 36,
+                gap: 5,
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn message_contains_name_and_values() {
+        let message = make_rust_message("Ada", 7, 5);
+
+        assert!(message.contains("Ada"));
+        assert!(message.contains("total=12"));
+        assert!(message.contains("product=35"));
+        assert!(message.contains("gap=2"));
+    }
+}

rust/lib.rs

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 pub mod cli;
+pub mod haskell;
+pub mod interop;
 pub mod logging;