integrations/rust/interop.rs

use std::ffi::{CStr, CString};
use std::os::raw::{c_char, c_int, c_uint};

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SharedStats {
    pub total: c_int,
    pub product: c_int,
    pub gap: c_int,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SharedI32Buffer {
    pub ptr: *mut c_int,
    pub len: usize,
    pub cap: usize,
}

#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct SharedU8Buffer {
    pub ptr: *mut u8,
    pub len: usize,
    pub cap: usize,
}

pub fn compute_stats(left: c_int, right: c_int) -> SharedStats {
    SharedStats {
        total: left.saturating_add(right),
        product: left.saturating_mul(right),
        gap: left.saturating_sub(right).abs(),
    }
}

pub fn sum_slice(values: &[c_int]) -> c_int {
    values
        .iter()
        .copied()
        .fold(0, |accumulator, value| accumulator.saturating_add(value))
}

pub fn checksum_bytes(values: &[u8]) -> c_uint {
    values.iter().fold(0_u32, |accumulator, value| {
        accumulator.saturating_add(u32::from(*value))
    })
}

pub fn make_rust_message(name: &str, left: c_int, right: c_int) -> String {
    let stats = compute_stats(left, right);
    format!(
        "Rust handled {name}: total={}, product={}, gap={}",
        stats.total, stats.product, stats.gap
    )
}

pub fn make_sequence_values(start: c_int, count: usize) -> Vec<c_int> {
    (0..count)
        .map(|index| {
            let offset = match c_int::try_from(index) {
                Ok(value) => value,
                Err(_) => c_int::MAX,
            };
            start.saturating_add(offset)
        })
        .collect()
}

pub fn make_byte_pattern(seed: u8, count: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
    (0..count)
        .map(|index| {
            let offset = match u8::try_from(index) {
                Ok(value) => value,
                Err(_) => u8::MAX,
            };
            seed.wrapping_add(offset)
        })
        .collect()
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_compute_stats(
    left: c_int,
    right: c_int,
    out_stats: *mut SharedStats,
) -> c_int {
    if out_stats.is_null() {
        return 1;
    }

    unsafe {
        out_stats.write(compute_stats(left, right));
    }
    0
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_sum_slice(ptr: *const c_int, len: usize) -> c_int {
    if ptr.is_null() {
        return 0;
    }

    let values = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len) };
    sum_slice(values)
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_make_message(
    name: *const c_char,
    left: c_int,
    right: c_int,
) -> *mut c_char {
    if name.is_null() {
        return string_into_raw("Rust received a null name pointer".to_string());
    }

    let name = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(name) }.to_string_lossy();
    string_into_raw(make_rust_message(name.as_ref(), left, right))
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_checksum_bytes(ptr: *const u8, len: usize) -> c_uint {
    if ptr.is_null() {
        return 0;
    }

    let values = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts(ptr, len) };
    checksum_bytes(values)
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_make_sequence(
    start: c_int,
    count: usize,
    out_buffer: *mut SharedI32Buffer,
) -> c_int {
    if out_buffer.is_null() {
        return 1;
    }

    let mut values = make_sequence_values(start, count);
    let buffer = SharedI32Buffer {
        ptr: values.as_mut_ptr(),
        len: values.len(),
        cap: values.capacity(),
    };

    std::mem::forget(values);
    unsafe {
        out_buffer.write(buffer);
    }
    0
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_make_byte_pattern(
    seed: u8,
    count: usize,
    out_buffer: *mut SharedU8Buffer,
) -> c_int {
    if out_buffer.is_null() {
        return 1;
    }

    let mut values = make_byte_pattern(seed, count);
    let buffer = SharedU8Buffer {
        ptr: values.as_mut_ptr(),
        len: values.len(),
        cap: values.capacity(),
    };

    std::mem::forget(values);
    unsafe {
        out_buffer.write(buffer);
    }
    0
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_free_string(ptr: *mut c_char) {
    if ptr.is_null() {
        return;
    }

    unsafe {
        drop(CString::from_raw(ptr));
    }
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_free_i32_buffer(ptr: *mut c_int, len: usize, cap: usize) {
    if ptr.is_null() {
        return;
    }

    unsafe {
        drop(Vec::from_raw_parts(ptr, len, cap));
    }
}

#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn rust_free_u8_buffer(ptr: *mut u8, len: usize, cap: usize) {
    if ptr.is_null() {
        return;
    }

    unsafe {
        drop(Vec::from_raw_parts(ptr, len, cap));
    }
}

fn string_into_raw(message: String) -> *mut c_char {
    let sanitized = message.replace('\0', "?");
    match CString::new(sanitized) {
        Ok(c_string) => c_string.into_raw(),
        Err(_) => std::ptr::null_mut(),
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn compute_stats_matches_expected_values() {
        assert_eq!(
            compute_stats(9, 4),
            SharedStats {
                total: 13,
                product: 36,
                gap: 5,
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn message_contains_name_and_values() {
        let message = make_rust_message("Ada", 7, 5);

        assert!(message.contains("Ada"));
        assert!(message.contains("total=12"));
        assert!(message.contains("product=35"));
        assert!(message.contains("gap=2"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_slice_handles_multiple_values() {
        assert_eq!(sum_slice(&[2, 4, 6, 8]), 20);
    }

    #[test]
    fn make_sequence_values_builds_contiguous_output() {
        assert_eq!(make_sequence_values(7, 5), vec![7, 8, 9, 10, 11]);
    }

    #[test]
    fn checksum_bytes_handles_embedded_zeroes() {
        assert_eq!(checksum_bytes(&[72, 0, 105, 255]), 432);
    }

    #[test]
    fn make_byte_pattern_wraps_like_bytes() {
        assert_eq!(make_byte_pattern(254, 4), vec![254, 255, 0, 1]);
    }
}