Add oblivious chase, broader SQL operators, LIMIT, and integer literals

.gitignore

@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ tarpaulin-report.html
 Cargo.lock
 
 # Misc
+*.proptest-regressions
 .DS_Store
 .benchmarks
 .env
 .claude/
-*.proptest-regressions
 .codex

AGENTS.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Quick examples:
 - The chase engine should remain largely stateless; pass execution state explicitly.
 - New chase variants should be composable with existing infrastructure.
 - Existential variables generate labeled nulls (`Term::Null`).
-- The current SQL support is intentionally narrow: `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY` over predicate-backed tables, equality predicates combined with `AND`, comma-join style multi-table queries, table aliases, and ordering by output-column names.
+- The current SQL support is intentionally narrow: `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY-LIMIT` over predicate-backed tables; equality and inequality predicates combined with `AND` and `OR`; comma-join style multi-table queries; table aliases; ordering by output-column names; integer and string literals.
 - Stable SQL column names come from explicit catalog registration or the frontend `schema ...` command, including for empty tables; otherwise the default names are positional such as `c0` and `c1`.
 - Single-table SQL queries may use the table name as a qualifier when no alias is present.
 - Do not describe unsupported SQL features such as aggregates, grouping, or arbitrary expressions as implemented.

README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ execution boundaries.
 - Provenance-oriented explanations for derived answers
 - Script, REPL, and local web UI for experimentation
 - Relational schema, catalog, logical-plan, and execution scaffolding
-- A minimal SQL slice for `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY` queries over predicate-backed tables
+- A minimal SQL slice for `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY-LIMIT` queries over predicate-backed tables
 
 ### Architecture
 
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ The repository now has a narrow SQL pipeline with:
 - relational schemas, rows, and values
 - SQL parsing for a small subset
 - logical planning
-- execution for filtering, ordering, and basic multi-table joins
+- execution for filtering, ordering, limiting, and basic multi-table joins
 
 Currently supported examples:
 
@@ -119,9 +119,12 @@ Currently supported examples:
 SELECT * FROM Parent
 SELECT c0 FROM Parent
 SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 = 'bob'
+SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 != 'bob'
 SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 = 'bob' AND c0 = 'alice'
+SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 = 'bob' OR c1 = 'carol'
 SELECT c0 FROM Parent ORDER BY c0 DESC
-SELECT c0 AS parent_name, 'seed' AS label FROM Parent
+SELECT c0 FROM Parent ORDER BY c0 ASC LIMIT 1
+SELECT c0 AS parent_name, 'seed' AS label, 42 AS answer FROM Parent
 SELECT Parent.parent, Ancestor.child
 FROM Parent, Ancestor
 WHERE Parent.child = Ancestor.parent
@@ -172,8 +175,10 @@ Current limits:
 - joins currently use comma-separated tables plus `WHERE` filtering
 - multi-table queries require qualified column names such as `Parent.child`
 - table aliases are supported via `FROM Parent AS p`
-- `WHERE` supports equality predicates combined with `AND`
+- `WHERE` supports `=`, `!=`/`<>`, `AND`, and `OR` (with standard precedence)
 - `ORDER BY` supports output-column ordering with `ASC`/`DESC`
+- `LIMIT` restricts the number of output rows
+- literals include strings, integers, and `NULL`
 - no aggregates
 - projection aliases only via `AS`
 
@@ -183,6 +188,7 @@ Runnable SQL examples:
 - `examples/scripts/sql_join.ech`
 - `examples/scripts/sql_self_join.ech`
 - `examples/scripts/sql_order_by.ech`
+- `examples/scripts/sql_filter_ops.ech`
 
 ### Development
 

ROADMAP.md

@@ -28,10 +28,13 @@ This document tracks the current state and next steps for the repository.
 - [x] Minimal SQL AST and parser
 - [x] Logical plan scaffolding
 - [x] Logical-plan execution for the first SQL slice
-- [x] `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY` support with positional or named columns
+- [x] `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY-LIMIT` support with positional or named columns
 - [x] Basic multi-table SQL joins via qualified-column filtering
 - [x] Table aliases for self-joins and qualified references
 - [x] Basic `ORDER BY` support over output columns
+- [x] `!=`/`<>` inequality and `OR` disjunction in `WHERE` clauses
+- [x] `LIMIT` clause for restricting output row count
+- [x] Integer literal and `DataType::Integer` support
 
 ### Near-Term Cleanup
 
@@ -72,7 +75,7 @@ This document tracks the current state and next steps for the repository.
 
 - [x] Restricted chase
 - [x] Standard chase
-- [ ] Oblivious chase
+- [x] Oblivious chase
 - [ ] Skolem chase
 - [ ] Core chase
 - [ ] Negative constraints

examples/scripts/sql_filter_ops.ech

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Demonstrate inequality, OR, LIMIT, and integer literals in the SQL frontend.
+
+fact Employee(alice, 30, engineering).
+fact Employee(bob, 25, sales).
+fact Employee(carol, 35, engineering).
+fact Employee(dave, 28, marketing).
+
+schema Employee(name, age, dept).
+
+# Inequality: exclude engineering.
+sql SELECT name FROM Employee WHERE dept != 'engineering';
+
+# OR: engineering or marketing.
+sql SELECT name, dept FROM Employee WHERE dept = 'engineering' OR dept = 'marketing';
+
+# LIMIT: first two rows in name order.
+sql SELECT name FROM Employee ORDER BY name ASC LIMIT 2;
+
+# Integer literal in projection.
+sql SELECT name, 1 AS active FROM Employee WHERE dept = 'sales';

src/chase/engine.rs

@@ -64,6 +64,12 @@ pub enum ChaseVariant {
     /// rule with the same frontier variable bindings. This is the default.
     #[default]
     Restricted,
+    /// Oblivious chase: fires every matching rule application without checking
+    /// head satisfaction or tracking triggers. Terminates only when no body
+    /// match produces a genuinely new fact. For rules with existential
+    /// variables this variant will typically not terminate (it will hit the
+    /// step limit) because each application generates fresh nulls.
+    Oblivious,
 }
 
 /// Configuration for the chase algorithm.
@@ -112,6 +118,26 @@ pub fn standard_chase(instance: Instance, rules: &[Rule]) -> ChaseResult {
     chase_with_config(instance, rules, config)
 }
 
+/// Run the oblivious chase algorithm.
+///
+/// The oblivious chase fires every rule application whose body matches,
+/// without checking whether the head is already satisfied and without
+/// tracking previously applied triggers. It terminates only when a full
+/// round produces no new facts.
+///
+/// For Datalog rules (no existential variables) the oblivious chase
+/// reaches the same fixpoint as the restricted and standard variants.
+/// For rules with existential variables it will typically not terminate
+/// because each application generates fresh labeled nulls; in that case
+/// it will run until the step limit.
+pub fn oblivious_chase(instance: Instance, rules: &[Rule]) -> ChaseResult {
+    let config = ChaseConfig {
+        variant: ChaseVariant::Oblivious,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    chase_with_config(instance, rules, config)
+}
+
 /// Run the chase with custom configuration.
 pub fn chase_with_config(
     mut instance: Instance,
@@ -137,6 +163,7 @@ pub fn chase_with_config(
             ChaseVariant::Restricted => {
                 restricted_chase_step(&instance, rules, &mut null_gen, &mut applied_triggers)
             }
+            ChaseVariant::Oblivious => oblivious_chase_step(&instance, rules, &mut null_gen),
         };
 
         if new_facts.is_empty() {
@@ -231,6 +258,32 @@ fn restricted_chase_step(
     new_facts
 }
 
+/// Perform a single oblivious chase step: fire all matching rule applications
+/// without checking head satisfaction or tracking triggers.
+fn oblivious_chase_step(
+    instance: &Instance,
+    rules: &[Rule],
+    null_gen: &mut NullGenerator,
+) -> Vec<Atom> {
+    let mut new_facts = Vec::new();
+
+    for rule in rules {
+        let matches = find_matches(instance, &rule.body);
+
+        for subst in matches {
+            let derived = apply_rule_head(rule, &subst, null_gen);
+
+            for fact in derived {
+                if !instance.contains(&fact) {
+                    new_facts.push(fact);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    new_facts
+}
+
 /// A trigger for EGD applications, tracking which EGD was applied with which body bindings.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 struct EgdTrigger {
@@ -329,6 +382,7 @@ pub fn chase_full(
             ChaseVariant::Restricted => {
                 restricted_chase_step(&instance, tgds, &mut null_gen, &mut applied_triggers)
             }
+            ChaseVariant::Oblivious => oblivious_chase_step(&instance, tgds, &mut null_gen),
         };
 
         let tgd_changes = !new_facts.is_empty();
@@ -796,4 +850,117 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(result.error.is_none());
         assert_eq!(result.instance.facts_for_predicate("B").len(), 1);
     }
+
+    // Oblivious chase tests
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_oblivious_chase_datalog_rules() {
+        let instance: Instance = vec![
+            Atom::new(
+                "Parent",
+                vec![Term::constant("alice"), Term::constant("bob")],
+            ),
+            Atom::new(
+                "Parent",
+                vec![Term::constant("bob"), Term::constant("carol")],
+            ),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();
+
+        let rule1 = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("Parent", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .then("Ancestor", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .build();
+
+        let rule2 = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("Ancestor", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .when("Parent", vec![Term::var("Y"), Term::var("Z")])
+            .then("Ancestor", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Z")])
+            .build();
+
+        let result = oblivious_chase(instance, &[rule1, rule2]);
+
+        assert!(result.terminated);
+        let ancestors = result.instance.facts_for_predicate("Ancestor");
+        assert_eq!(ancestors.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_oblivious_chase_matches_restricted_for_datalog() {
+        let instance: Instance = vec![
+            Atom::new("Edge", vec![Term::constant("a"), Term::constant("b")]),
+            Atom::new("Edge", vec![Term::constant("b"), Term::constant("c")]),
+            Atom::new("Edge", vec![Term::constant("c"), Term::constant("d")]),
+        ]
+        .into_iter()
+        .collect();
+
+        let rule1 = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("Edge", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .then("Path", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .build();
+
+        let rule2 = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("Path", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .when("Edge", vec![Term::var("Y"), Term::var("Z")])
+            .then("Path", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Z")])
+            .build();
+
+        let rules = vec![rule1, rule2];
+
+        let oblivious_result = oblivious_chase(instance.clone(), &rules);
+        let restricted_result = chase(instance, &rules);
+
+        assert!(oblivious_result.terminated);
+        assert!(restricted_result.terminated);
+
+        let oblivious_paths = oblivious_result.instance.facts_for_predicate("Path");
+        let restricted_paths = restricted_result.instance.facts_for_predicate("Path");
+        assert_eq!(oblivious_paths.len(), restricted_paths.len());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_oblivious_chase_does_not_terminate_with_existentials() {
+        let instance: Instance = vec![Atom::new("Person", vec![Term::constant("alice")])]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect();
+
+        let rule = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("Person", vec![Term::var("X")])
+            .then("HasSSN", vec![Term::var("X"), Term::var("Y")])
+            .build();
+
+        let config = ChaseConfig {
+            max_steps: 10,
+            variant: ChaseVariant::Oblivious,
+        };
+        let result = chase_with_config(instance, &[rule], config);
+
+        // The oblivious chase generates a fresh null each round, so it
+        // should hit the step limit rather than reaching a fixpoint.
+        assert!(!result.terminated);
+        assert!(result.instance.facts_for_predicate("HasSSN").len() > 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_oblivious_chase_via_config() {
+        let instance: Instance = vec![Atom::new("A", vec![Term::constant("x")])]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect();
+
+        let rule = RuleBuilder::new()
+            .when("A", vec![Term::var("X")])
+            .then("B", vec![Term::var("X")])
+            .build();
+
+        let config = ChaseConfig {
+            variant: ChaseVariant::Oblivious,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let result = chase_with_config(instance, &[rule], config);
+
+        assert!(result.terminated);
+        assert_eq!(result.instance.facts_for_predicate("B").len(), 1);
+    }
 }

src/chase/mod.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ mod engine;
 pub use atom::Atom;
 pub use engine::{
     ChaseConfig, ChaseError, ChaseResult, ChaseVariant, chase, chase_full, chase_with_config,
-    chase_with_egds, standard_chase,
+    chase_with_egds, oblivious_chase, standard_chase,
 };
 pub use inference::{Derivation, MaterializedState, find_matches, materialize};
 pub use instance::{Instance, InstanceError};

src/execution/mod.rs

@@ -101,6 +101,11 @@ pub fn execute(plan: &LogicalPlan, instance: &Instance) -> Result<ResultSet, Exe
             rows.sort_by(|left, right| compare_rows(left, right, &resolved_keys));
             Ok(ResultSet::new(schema.clone(), rows))
         }
+        LogicalPlan::Limit { input, count } => {
+            let result = execute(input, instance)?;
+            let rows = result.rows().iter().take(*count).cloned().collect();
+            Ok(ResultSet::new(result.schema().clone(), rows))
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -113,9 +118,16 @@ fn eval_predicate(
         LogicalExpr::Eq(left, right) => Ok(eval_expr(left, row, schema)?
             .sql_eq(&eval_expr(right, row, schema)?)
             .unwrap_or(false)),
+        LogicalExpr::Ne(left, right) => Ok(eval_expr(left, row, schema)?
+            .sql_eq(&eval_expr(right, row, schema)?)
+            .map(|eq| !eq)
+            .unwrap_or(false)),
         LogicalExpr::And(left, right) => {
             Ok(eval_predicate(left, row, schema)? && eval_predicate(right, row, schema)?)
         }
+        LogicalExpr::Or(left, right) => {
+            Ok(eval_predicate(left, row, schema)? || eval_predicate(right, row, schema)?)
+        }
         _ => Ok(false),
     }
 }
@@ -138,9 +150,19 @@ fn eval_expr(
             let right = eval_expr(right, row, schema)?;
             Ok(Value::Boolean(left.sql_eq(&right).unwrap_or(false)))
         }
+        LogicalExpr::Ne(left, right) => {
+            let left = eval_expr(left, row, schema)?;
+            let right = eval_expr(right, row, schema)?;
+            Ok(Value::Boolean(
+                left.sql_eq(&right).map(|eq| !eq).unwrap_or(false),
+            ))
+        }
         LogicalExpr::And(left, right) => Ok(Value::Boolean(
             eval_predicate(left, row, schema)? && eval_predicate(right, row, schema)?,
         )),
+        LogicalExpr::Or(left, right) => Ok(Value::Boolean(
+            eval_predicate(left, row, schema)? || eval_predicate(right, row, schema)?,
+        )),
     }
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +210,11 @@ fn compare_values(left: &Value, right: &Value) -> Ordering {
         (Value::Null, _) => Ordering::Greater,
         (_, Value::Null) => Ordering::Less,
         (Value::Text(left), Value::Text(right)) => left.cmp(right),
+        (Value::Integer(left), Value::Integer(right)) => left.cmp(right),
         (Value::Boolean(left), Value::Boolean(right)) => left.cmp(right),
+        // Cross-type ordering: Integer < Text < Boolean
+        (Value::Integer(_), _) => Ordering::Less,
+        (_, Value::Integer(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
         (Value::Text(_), Value::Boolean(_)) => Ordering::Less,
         (Value::Boolean(_), Value::Text(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
     }

src/lib.rs

@@ -18,5 +18,5 @@ pub mod sql;
 // Lower-level reasoning and provenance APIs remain under `query_engine::chase`.
 pub use chase::{
     Atom, ChaseConfig, ChaseError, ChaseResult, ChaseVariant, Instance, Rule, RuleBuilder, Term,
-    chase, chase_with_config, standard_chase,
+    chase, chase_with_config, oblivious_chase, standard_chase,
 };

src/planner/logical.rs

@@ -18,8 +18,12 @@ pub enum LogicalExpr {
     Literal(Value),
     /// Equality.
     Eq(Box<LogicalExpr>, Box<LogicalExpr>),
+    /// Inequality.
+    Ne(Box<LogicalExpr>, Box<LogicalExpr>),
     /// Boolean conjunction.
     And(Box<LogicalExpr>, Box<LogicalExpr>),
+    /// Boolean disjunction.
+    Or(Box<LogicalExpr>, Box<LogicalExpr>),
 }
 
 /// A named output expression in a projection.
@@ -68,6 +72,11 @@ pub enum LogicalPlan {
         expressions: Vec<NamedExpr>,
         schema: Schema,
     },
+    /// Limit the number of output rows.
+    Limit {
+        input: Box<LogicalPlan>,
+        count: usize,
+    },
 }
 
 impl LogicalPlan {
@@ -79,6 +88,7 @@ impl LogicalPlan {
             Self::Filter { input, .. } => input.output_schema(),
             Self::Sort { schema, .. } => schema,
             Self::Project { schema, .. } => schema,
+            Self::Limit { input, .. } => input.output_schema(),
         }
     }
 }

src/planner/sql.rs

@@ -80,11 +80,7 @@ pub fn plan_select(
         };
     }
 
-    if is_wildcard_projection(&select.projection) {
-        let output_schema = plan.output_schema().clone();
-        return maybe_apply_sort(plan, output_schema, &select.order_by, &select.from);
-    }
-
+    if !is_wildcard_projection(&select.projection) {
         let mut expressions = Vec::new();
         let mut fields = Vec::new();
         for (index, item) in select.projection.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -94,7 +90,8 @@ pub fn plan_select(
                     let output_name = alias
                         .clone()
                         .unwrap_or_else(|| default_projection_name(expr, index + 1));
-                let (data_type, nullable) = projection_metadata(expr, &input_schema, &select.from)?;
+                    let (data_type, nullable) =
+                        projection_metadata(expr, &input_schema, &select.from)?;
                     expressions.push(NamedExpr {
                         name: output_name.clone(),
                         expr: planned_expr,
@@ -105,14 +102,24 @@ pub fn plan_select(
             }
         }
 
-    let plan = LogicalPlan::Project {
+        plan = LogicalPlan::Project {
             input: Box::new(plan),
             expressions,
             schema: Schema::new(fields),
         };
+    }
 
     let output_schema = plan.output_schema().clone();
-    maybe_apply_sort(plan, output_schema, &select.order_by, &select.from)
+    plan = maybe_apply_sort(plan, output_schema, &select.order_by, &select.from)?;
+
+    if let Some(count) = select.limit {
+        plan = LogicalPlan::Limit {
+            input: Box::new(plan),
+            count,
+        };
+    }
+
+    Ok(plan)
 }
 
 fn is_wildcard_projection(items: &[SelectItem]) -> bool {
@@ -182,10 +189,18 @@ fn plan_expr(
                 Box::new(plan_expr(left, schema, tables)?),
                 Box::new(plan_expr(right, schema, tables)?),
             )),
+            BinaryOp::Ne => Ok(LogicalExpr::Ne(
+                Box::new(plan_expr(left, schema, tables)?),
+                Box::new(plan_expr(right, schema, tables)?),
+            )),
             BinaryOp::And => Ok(LogicalExpr::And(
                 Box::new(plan_expr(left, schema, tables)?),
                 Box::new(plan_expr(right, schema, tables)?),
             )),
+            BinaryOp::Or => Ok(LogicalExpr::Or(
+                Box::new(plan_expr(left, schema, tables)?),
+                Box::new(plan_expr(right, schema, tables)?),
+            )),
         },
     }
 }
@@ -226,6 +241,7 @@ fn maybe_apply_sort(
 fn plan_literal(literal: &Literal) -> Value {
     match literal {
         Literal::String(value) => Value::text(value.clone()),
+        Literal::Integer(n) => Value::Integer(*n),
         Literal::Null => Value::Null,
     }
 }
@@ -245,6 +261,7 @@ fn projection_metadata(
             Ok((field.data_type().clone(), field.nullable()))
         }
         Expr::Literal(Literal::String(_)) => Ok((DataType::Text, false)),
+        Expr::Literal(Literal::Integer(_)) => Ok((DataType::Integer, false)),
         Expr::Literal(Literal::Null) => Ok((DataType::Text, true)),
         Expr::Binary { .. } => Ok((DataType::Boolean, true)),
     }
@@ -550,6 +567,7 @@ mod tests {
             }],
             selection: None,
             order_by: Vec::new(),
+            limit: None,
         };
         let error = plan_select(&malformed, &catalog).unwrap_err();
         assert_eq!(

src/relational/schema.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use std::fmt;
 pub enum DataType {
     /// UTF-8 text values.
     Text,
+    /// 64-bit signed integer values.
+    Integer,
     /// Boolean values.
     Boolean,
 }

src/relational/value.rs

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use std::fmt;
 pub enum Value {
     /// Textual data.
     Text(String),
+    /// Integer data.
+    Integer(i64),
     /// Boolean data.
     Boolean(bool),
     /// SQL-style null.
@@ -29,8 +31,9 @@ impl Value {
         match (self, other) {
             (Self::Null, _) | (_, Self::Null) => None,
             (Self::Text(left), Self::Text(right)) => Some(left == right),
+            (Self::Integer(left), Self::Integer(right)) => Some(left == right),
             (Self::Boolean(left), Self::Boolean(right)) => Some(left == right),
-            (Self::Text(_), Self::Boolean(_)) | (Self::Boolean(_), Self::Text(_)) => Some(false),
+            _ => Some(false),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Value {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Self::Text(value) => write!(f, "{}", value),
+            Self::Integer(value) => write!(f, "{}", value),
             Self::Boolean(value) => write!(f, "{}", value),
             Self::Null => write!(f, "NULL"),
         }

src/sql/ast.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/// A parsed `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY` statement in the current SQL subset.
+/// A parsed `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY-LIMIT` statement in the current SQL subset.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct Select {
     /// Output expressions requested by the query.
@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ pub struct Select {
     pub selection: Option<Expr>,
     /// Optional output ordering.
     pub order_by: Vec<OrderByItem>,
+    /// Optional row limit.
+    pub limit: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 /// One source entry in a `FROM` list.
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@ pub enum Expr {
 pub enum Literal {
     /// A string literal.
     String(String),
+    /// An integer literal.
+    Integer(i64),
     /// The `NULL` literal.
     Null,
 }
@@ -67,8 +71,12 @@ pub enum Literal {
 pub enum BinaryOp {
     /// Equality.
     Eq,
+    /// Inequality.
+    Ne,
     /// Boolean conjunction.
     And,
+    /// Boolean disjunction.
+    Or,
 }
 
 /// Sort direction for `ORDER BY`.

src/sql/parser.rs

@@ -43,16 +43,20 @@ enum Token {
     Where,
     As,
     And,
+    Or,
     Order,
     By,
     Asc,
     Desc,
     Null,
+    Limit,
     Identifier(String),
     String(String),
+    Integer(usize),
     Star,
     Comma,
     Eq,
+    Ne,
 }
 
 /// Parse a `SELECT-FROM-WHERE-ORDER BY` query in the current SQL subset.
@@ -91,6 +95,13 @@ impl Parser {
             Vec::new()
         };
 
+        let limit = if self.peek() == Some(&Token::Limit) {
+            self.index += 1;
+            Some(self.expect_integer()?)
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
         if let Some(token) = self.peek() {
             return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken(render_token(token)));
         }
@@ -100,6 +111,7 @@ impl Parser {
             from,
             selection,
             order_by,
+            limit,
         })
     }
 
@@ -166,6 +178,22 @@ impl Parser {
     }
 
     fn parse_expr(&mut self) -> Result<Expr, ParseError> {
+        let mut expr = self.parse_and()?;
+
+        while self.peek() == Some(&Token::Or) {
+            self.index += 1;
+            let right = self.parse_and()?;
+            expr = Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(expr),
+                op: BinaryOp::Or,
+                right: Box::new(right),
+            };
+        }
+
+        Ok(expr)
+    }
+
+    fn parse_and(&mut self) -> Result<Expr, ParseError> {
         let mut expr = self.parse_equality()?;
 
         while self.peek() == Some(&Token::And) {
@@ -220,6 +248,14 @@ impl Parser {
                     right: Box::new(right),
                 })
             }
+            Token::Ne => {
+                let right = self.parse_operand()?;
+                Ok(Expr::Binary {
+                    left: Box::new(left),
+                    op: BinaryOp::Ne,
+                    right: Box::new(right),
+                })
+            }
             other => Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken(render_token(&other))),
         }
     }
@@ -228,6 +264,7 @@ impl Parser {
         match self.next().ok_or(ParseError::UnexpectedEnd)? {
             Token::Identifier(name) => Ok(Expr::Identifier(name)),
             Token::String(value) => Ok(Expr::Literal(Literal::String(value))),
+            Token::Integer(n) => Ok(Expr::Literal(Literal::Integer(n as i64))),
             Token::Null => Ok(Expr::Literal(Literal::Null)),
             other => Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken(render_token(&other))),
         }
@@ -249,6 +286,13 @@ impl Parser {
         }
     }
 
+    fn expect_integer(&mut self) -> Result<usize, ParseError> {
+        match self.next().ok_or(ParseError::UnexpectedEnd)? {
+            Token::Integer(n) => Ok(n),
+            other => Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken(render_token(&other))),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn peek(&self) -> Option<&Token> {
         self.tokens.get(self.index)
     }
@@ -281,11 +325,33 @@ fn tokenize(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<Token>, ParseError> {
                 chars.next();
                 tokens.push(Token::Comma);
             }
+            '!' => {
+                chars.next();
+                if chars.peek() == Some(&'=') {
+                    chars.next();
+                    tokens.push(Token::Ne);
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken("!".to_string()));
+                }
+            }
+            '<' => {
+                chars.next();
+                if chars.peek() == Some(&'>') {
+                    chars.next();
+                    tokens.push(Token::Ne);
+                } else {
+                    return Err(ParseError::UnexpectedToken("<".to_string()));
+                }
+            }
             '=' => {
                 chars.next();
                 tokens.push(Token::Eq);
             }
             '\'' => tokens.push(Token::String(parse_string(&mut chars)?)),
+            ch if ch.is_ascii_digit() => {
+                let number = parse_integer(&mut chars);
+                tokens.push(Token::Integer(number));
+            }
             ch if is_identifier_start(ch) => {
                 let ident = parse_identifier(&mut chars);
                 let token = match ident.to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
@@ -294,11 +360,13 @@ fn tokenize(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<Token>, ParseError> {
                     "WHERE" => Token::Where,
                     "AS" => Token::As,
                     "AND" => Token::And,
+                    "OR" => Token::Or,
                     "ORDER" => Token::Order,
                     "BY" => Token::By,
                     "ASC" => Token::Asc,
                     "DESC" => Token::Desc,
                     "NULL" => Token::Null,
+                    "LIMIT" => Token::Limit,
                     _ => Token::Identifier(ident),
                 };
                 tokens.push(token);
@@ -351,8 +419,24 @@ where
     ident
 }
 
+fn parse_integer<I>(chars: &mut std::iter::Peekable<I>) -> usize
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = char>,
+{
+    let mut value: usize = 0;
+    while let Some(ch) = chars.peek().copied() {
+        if ch.is_ascii_digit() {
+            value = value * 10 + (ch as usize - '0' as usize);
+            chars.next();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    value
+}
+
 fn is_identifier_start(ch: char) -> bool {
-    ch.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || ch == '_'
+    ch.is_ascii_alphabetic() || ch == '_'
 }
 
 fn is_identifier_part(ch: char) -> bool {
@@ -366,16 +450,20 @@ fn render_token(token: &Token) -> String {
         Token::Where => "WHERE".to_string(),
         Token::As => "AS".to_string(),
         Token::And => "AND".to_string(),
+        Token::Or => "OR".to_string(),
         Token::Order => "ORDER".to_string(),
         Token::By => "BY".to_string(),
         Token::Asc => "ASC".to_string(),
         Token::Desc => "DESC".to_string(),
         Token::Null => "NULL".to_string(),
+        Token::Limit => "LIMIT".to_string(),
         Token::Identifier(name) => name.clone(),
+        Token::Integer(n) => n.to_string(),
         Token::String(value) => format!("'{}'", value),
         Token::Star => "*".to_string(),
         Token::Comma => ",".to_string(),
         Token::Eq => "=".to_string(),
+        Token::Ne => "!=".to_string(),
     }
 }
 
@@ -536,4 +624,115 @@ mod tests {
         let error = parse_select("SELECT *, c0 FROM Parent").unwrap_err();
         assert_eq!(error, ParseError::MixedWildcardProjection);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_not_equal_with_bang_eq() {
+        let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 != 'bob'").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            select.selection,
+            Some(Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c1".to_string())),
+                op: BinaryOp::Ne,
+                right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("bob".to_string()))),
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_not_equal_with_diamond() {
+        let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 <> 'bob'").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            select.selection,
+            Some(Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c1".to_string())),
+                op: BinaryOp::Ne,
+                right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("bob".to_string()))),
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_or_expression() {
+        let select =
+            parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c0 = 'alice' OR c0 = 'bob'").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            select.selection,
+            Some(Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                    left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c0".to_string())),
+                    op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                    right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("alice".to_string()))),
+                }),
+                op: BinaryOp::Or,
+                right: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                    left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c0".to_string())),
+                    op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                    right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("bob".to_string()))),
+                }),
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_integer_literal_in_expression() {
+        let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c0 = 42").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            select.selection,
+            Some(Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c0".to_string())),
+                op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::Integer(42))),
+            })
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_limit_clause() {
+        let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent LIMIT 5").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(select.limit, Some(5));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_order_by_with_limit() {
+        let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent ORDER BY c0 DESC LIMIT 1").unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(select.order_by.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(select.limit, Some(1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_or_with_and_precedence() {
+        // AND binds tighter than OR: a = '1' OR b = '2' AND c = '3'
+        // should parse as: a = '1' OR (b = '2' AND c = '3')
+        let select =
+            parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c0 = '1' OR c1 = '2' AND c0 = '3'").unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            select.selection,
+            Some(Expr::Binary {
+                left: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                    left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c0".to_string())),
+                    op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                    right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("1".to_string()))),
+                }),
+                op: BinaryOp::Or,
+                right: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                    left: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c1".to_string())),
+                        op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                        right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("2".to_string()))),
+                    }),
+                    op: BinaryOp::And,
+                    right: Box::new(Expr::Binary {
+                        left: Box::new(Expr::Identifier("c0".to_string())),
+                        op: BinaryOp::Eq,
+                        right: Box::new(Expr::Literal(Literal::String("3".to_string()))),
+                    }),
+                }),
+            })
+        );
+    }
 }

tests/sql_pipeline_tests.rs

@@ -250,3 +250,82 @@ fn select_order_by_desc_sorts_rows() {
     assert_eq!(format!("{}", result.rows()[0].values()[0]), "bob");
     assert_eq!(format!("{}", result.rows()[1].values()[0]), "alice");
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn select_integer_literal_in_projection() {
+    let instance = parent_instance();
+    let catalog = PredicateCatalog::from_instance(&instance).unwrap();
+    let select = parse_select("SELECT c0, 42 AS answer FROM Parent").unwrap();
+
+    let plan = plan_select(&select, &catalog).unwrap();
+    let result = execute(&plan, &instance).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(result.schema().len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(result.schema().fields()[1].name(), "answer");
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.schema().fields()[1].data_type(),
+        &query_engine::relational::DataType::Integer
+    );
+    assert_eq!(result.rows().len(), 2);
+    assert_eq!(format!("{}", result.rows()[0].values()[1]), "42");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn select_limit_restricts_row_count() {
+    let instance = parent_instance();
+    let catalog = PredicateCatalog::from_instance(&instance).unwrap();
+    let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent ORDER BY c0 ASC LIMIT 1").unwrap();
+
+    let plan = plan_select(&select, &catalog).unwrap();
+    let result = execute(&plan, &instance).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(result.rows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(format!("{}", result.rows()[0].values()[0]), "alice");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn select_where_or_matches_either_condition() {
+    let instance: Instance = vec![
+        Atom::new(
+            "Parent",
+            vec![Term::constant("alice"), Term::constant("bob")],
+        ),
+        Atom::new(
+            "Parent",
+            vec![Term::constant("bob"), Term::constant("carol")],
+        ),
+        Atom::new(
+            "Parent",
+            vec![Term::constant("carol"), Term::constant("dave")],
+        ),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .collect();
+    let catalog = PredicateCatalog::from_instance(&instance).unwrap();
+    let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 = 'bob' OR c1 = 'dave'").unwrap();
+
+    let plan = plan_select(&select, &catalog).unwrap();
+    let result = execute(&plan, &instance).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(result.rows().len(), 2);
+    let mut values = result
+        .rows()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|row| format!("{}", row.values()[0]))
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    values.sort();
+    assert_eq!(values, vec!["alice".to_string(), "carol".to_string()]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn select_where_not_equal_excludes_matching_rows() {
+    let instance = parent_instance();
+    let catalog = PredicateCatalog::from_instance(&instance).unwrap();
+    let select = parse_select("SELECT c0 FROM Parent WHERE c1 != 'bob'").unwrap();
+
+    let plan = plan_select(&select, &catalog).unwrap();
+    let result = execute(&plan, &instance).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(result.rows().len(), 1);
+    assert_eq!(format!("{}", result.rows()[0].values()[0]), "bob");
+}