digraph QueryOpsHandPlan { fontname = "Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif" layout = dot rankdir = LR ranksep = 0.9; nodesep = 0.7; splines = true; compound = true; bgcolor = "white" node [ fontname = "Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif", shape = box, style = "filled,rounded", color = "#555555", fillcolor = "white", penwidth = 1.5 ] edge [ fontname = "Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif", color = "#333333", fontsize = 9, fontcolor = "#555555", labeldistance = 2.0, penwidth = 1.2 ] subgraph cluster_inputs { label = "Inputs (positional tables)" style = "dashed" color = "#888888" fontcolor = "#555555" margin = 18 author_table [label = <

Table: author

• arity 2

• rows: (name, book)

>, fillcolor = "#E8F4FD", color = "#2196F3"] bestseller_table [label = <

Table: bestseller

• arity 1

• rows: (book)

>, fillcolor = "#E8F4FD", color = "#2196F3"] price_table [label = <

Table: price

• arity 2

• rows: (book, dollars)

>, fillcolor = "#E8F4FD", color = "#2196F3"] } subgraph cluster_atoms { label = "Atom Scans (scan_atom: Table × AtomPattern → Relation)" style = "dashed" color = "#9C27B0" fontcolor = "#7B1FA2" margin = 14 author_rel [label = <

author_rel

pattern: [Var name, Var book]

cols: [name, book]

>, fillcolor = "#F3E5F5", color = "#9C27B0"] bestseller_rel [label = <

bestseller_rel

pattern: [Var book]

cols: [book]

>, fillcolor = "#F3E5F5", color = "#9C27B0"] price_rel [label = <

price_rel

pattern: [Var book, Var dollars]

cols: [book, dollars]

>, fillcolor = "#F3E5F5", color = "#9C27B0"] } subgraph cluster_joins { label = "Joins (shared cols = matching column names)" style = "dashed" color = "#4CAF50" fontcolor = "#388E3C" margin = 14 semijoin_step [label = <

semijoin

authors of bestsellers

shared: book

cols: [name, book]

>, fillcolor = "#E8F5E9", color = "#4CAF50"] natural_join_step [label = <

natural_join

attach each book's price

shared: book

cols: [name, book, dollars]

>, fillcolor = "#E8F5E9", color = "#4CAF50"] } subgraph cluster_output { label = "Output (binding relation)" style = "dashed" color = "#888888" fontcolor = "#555555" margin = 18 result [label = <

Q result

authors of bestsellers with each book's price

cols: [name, book, dollars]

>, fillcolor = "#ECEFF1", color = "#607D8B"] } // Atom scans consume tables author_table -> author_rel [color = "#2196F3"] bestseller_table -> bestseller_rel [color = "#2196F3"] price_table -> price_rel [color = "#2196F3"] // semijoin narrows author_rel to bestseller authors author_rel -> semijoin_step [label = "left", color = "#9C27B0"] bestseller_rel -> semijoin_step [label = "right", color = "#9C27B0"] // natural_join attaches price semijoin_step -> natural_join_step [label = "left", color = "#4CAF50"] price_rel -> natural_join_step [label = "right", color = "#9C27B0"] // Final output natural_join_step -> result [color = "#4CAF50"] }