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Add a glossary of important terms related to the IP

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Hassan Abedi 2026-03-30 11:03:42 +02:00
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scratches/query-engine-big-picture.md
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@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ So the IR should be treated as the interface, and the query engine should be tre
4. Do we expect the first real executor to be in-memory, Postgres-backed, or Rust-native? 4. Do we expect the first real executor to be in-memory, Postgres-backed, or Rust-native?
5. Is Postgres only a storage/query backend, or is it intended to become a serious execution target for law checking and chase steps too? 5. Is Postgres only a storage/query backend, or is it intended to become a serious execution target for law checking and chase steps too?
6. What parts of execution must be backend-independent: query planning, law translation, chase scheduling, provenance, branch management? 6. What parts of execution must be backend-independent: query planning, law translation, chase scheduling, provenance, branch management?
7. Do existential witness generation, disjunctive branching, and equality merging belong inside the query engine, or in a separate chase/runtime layer above it? 7. Do existential witness generation, disjunctive branching, and equality merging belong inside the query engine, or in a separate chase/runtime layer
8. Should the query engine operate directly on relational tables, or should it also understand higher-level Geolog structure like paths, theories, and dependencies? above it?
8. Should the query engine operate directly on relational tables, or should it also understand higher-level Geolog structure like paths, theories, and
dependencies?
9. What is the expected contract between Haskell lowering and Rust execution: raw IR data only, or also precompiled queries/plans? 9. What is the expected contract between Haskell lowering and Rust execution: raw IR data only, or also precompiled queries/plans?
10. What is the earliest milestone for the engine: run queries, check laws, perform simple fixpoint evaluation, or support full chase behavior? 10. What is the earliest milestone for the engine: run queries, check laws, perform simple fixpoint evaluation, or support full chase behavior?

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Concrete Syntax
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Parser
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Abstract Syntax
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LSP
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(parsing + elaboration diagnostics)
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Elaborator
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Elaborated Syntax
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(with types)
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• user queries
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• law checking
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chase / fixpoint steps
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planning / rewriting
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equality, provenance)
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# Query Engine Glossary
This is a short glossary for the query-engine and IR discussion.
## Terms
- `IR`: Intermediate representation. A simpler form that sits between elaboration and execution.
- `lowering`: The step that converts elaborated Geolog code into the IR.
- `table`: A relational object in the IR. It describes stored data with columns and sometimes a primary key.
- `law`: A logical rule or constraint in the IR. It says what relationships must hold about the data.
- `law checking`: Testing whether the current data satisfies a law.
- `query engine`: The execution component that consumes the IR and answers queries. In a broader design it may also do law checking, chase steps, and
fixpoint work.
- `backend`: A concrete execution target, such as an in-memory database, Postgres, or a Rust-native storage/query layer.
- `backend-neutral`: Not tied to one storage or execution technology. The IR should ideally be backend-neutral.
- `RelTable`: A table representing a relation or predicate.
- `FunTable`: A table representing something function-like, where input columns determine an output.
- `foreignKeys`: Generated laws saying that if one row exists, dependent rows must also exist.
- `total`: Generated laws saying that if the inputs to a function exist, an output row must exist too.
- `runtime IR`: A second execution-oriented representation above the lowered theory IR. It would hold changing state needed during execution.
- `runtime state`: Mutable or evolving execution data, such as current facts, branch identity, witness allocation, equality classes, or provenance.
- `fixpoint`: The point where running the rules produces no new facts or changes.
- `chase`: The general reasoning process that repeatedly checks laws and adds whatever is needed to satisfy them.
- `witness`: A fresh element introduced to satisfy an existential conclusion.
- `branch`: One possible world or execution path created by a disjunctive rule.
- `equality merging`: Collapsing two terms or elements when the theory says they must be equal.
- `provenance`: Information about where a fact came from or which rules produced it.
- `planning`: Choosing how to execute a query or check a law efficiently.
- `adapter`: A layer that maps shared IR execution concepts onto one specific backend.
## Short mental model
- the front end parses, elaborates, and lowers
- the IR is the contract
- the query engine consumes that contract
- the backend is where execution actually lands

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points="1162.83,-269.5 1172.83,-266 1162.83,-262.5 1162.83,-269.5"/>
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<!-- query_translation -->
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IR to Backend Translation
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<g id="edge9" class="edge">
<title>ir&#45;&gt;query_translation</title>
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fill="#555555">compile IR
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<!-- inmem_rel -->
<g id="node10" class="node">
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font-size="14.00">Relation Translation
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<title>query_translation&#45;&gt;inmem_rel</title>
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<g id="node11" class="node">
<title>inmem_laws</title>
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font-size="14.00">Law / Chase Translation
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<g id="edge11" class="edge">
<title>query_translation&#45;&gt;inmem_laws</title>
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<!-- pg_schema -->
<g id="node14" class="node">
<title>pg_schema</title>
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IR to Schema
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<g id="edge12" class="edge">
<title>query_translation&#45;&gt;pg_schema</title>
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<!-- pg_queries -->
<g id="node15" class="node">
<title>pg_queries</title>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="1807.12" y="-143.2" font-family="Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"
font-size="14.00">IR to SQL Queries
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<!-- query_translation&#45;&gt;pg_queries -->
<g id="edge13" class="edge">
<title>query_translation&#45;&gt;pg_queries</title>
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<!-- ffi -->
<g id="node18" class="node">
<title>ffi</title>
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="1807.12" y="-273.7" font-family="Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"
font-size="14.00">FFI Haskell to Rust
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<text text-anchor="middle" x="1807.12" y="-252.7" font-family="Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"
font-size="14.00">(IR marshalling)
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<!-- query_translation&#45;&gt;ffi -->
<g id="edge14" class="edge">
<title>query_translation&#45;&gt;ffi</title>
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<!-- inmem_qe -->
<g id="node12" class="node">
<title>inmem_qe</title>
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font-size="14.00">In&#45;Memory Query Engine
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<!-- inmem_rel&#45;&gt;inmem_qe -->
<g id="edge15" class="edge">
<title>inmem_rel&#45;&gt;inmem_qe</title>
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<!-- inmem_laws&#45;&gt;inmem_qe -->
<g id="edge16" class="edge">
<title>inmem_laws&#45;&gt;inmem_qe</title>
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<!-- inmem_db -->
<g id="node13" class="node">
<title>inmem_db</title>
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<!-- inmem_qe&#45;&gt;inmem_db -->
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<title>inmem_qe&#45;&gt;inmem_db</title>
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<!-- pg_db -->
<g id="node17" class="node">
<title>pg_db</title>
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<g id="edge18" class="edge">
<title>pg_schema&#45;&gt;pg_db</title>
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<!-- pg_qe -->
<g id="node16" class="node">
<title>pg_qe</title>
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<!-- pg_queries&#45;&gt;pg_qe -->
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<!-- rust_rel -->
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<title>rust_rel</title>
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